proprioception

proprioception
/proh'pree euh sep"sheuhn/, n. Physiol.
perception governed by proprioceptors, as awareness of the position of one's body.
[1905-10; PROPRIO- + (RE)CEPTION]

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Perception of stimuli relating to position, posture, equilibrium, or internal condition.

Receptors (nerve endings) in skeletal muscles and on tendons provide constant information on limb position and muscle action for coordination of limb movements. Awareness of equilibrium changes usually involves perception of gravity. In humans, gravity, position, and orientation are registered by tiny grains called otoliths moving within two fluid-filled sacs in the inner ear in response to any change in position or orientation. Their motion is detected by sense hairs. Rotation is detected by the inertial lag of fluid in the semicircular canals acting on the sense hairs. The central nervous system integrates signals from the canals to perceive rotation in three dimensions. See also sense.

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 the perception by an animal of stimuli relating to its own position, posture, equilibrium, or internal condition.

      The coordination of movements requires continuous awareness of the position of each limb. The receptors in the skeletal (striated) muscles and on the surfaces of tendons of vertebrates provide constant information on the positions of limbs and the action of muscles. Comparable organs of arthropods (arthropod) (e.g., insects (insect), crustaceans (crustacean)) include stretch receptors located on the outsides of muscles and chordotonal organs (special nerves that measure tension changes) within the joints. Awareness of limb position and movements is also gained through the stimulation of sensitive hairs at the joints.

      The awareness of equilibrium changes usually involves the perception of gravity. The organ for such perception most frequently found in invertebrates is the statocyst, a fluid-filled chamber lined with sensitive hairs and containing one or more tiny, stonelike grains (statoliths). The statoliths may be free-moving, as in most mollusks (mollusk), or loosely fixed to the sense hairs, as in some crustaceans. Statocysts are also found in many cnidarians (cnidarian) and worms. Comparable organs in vertebrates are the saccule and utricle of the ear, the grains being called otoliths. In either case, a change in the animal's position or orientation is conveyed to the sense hairs by the pressure of the statoliths.

      A third type of proprioceptor, found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g., cephalopods (cephalopod), crustaceans), informs the animal of body rotations. The crustacean organ detects changes in the inertia of fluid in a cavity, into which slender sensory hairs project. Rotation of the animal causes the stimulation of the hairs because of the inertial lag of the fluid.

      Vertebrates are able to sense rotation by the inertial lag of fluid in the semicircular canals of the ear, acting on sensory hairs. The three canals form loops lying in planes at right angles to each other; by integrating signals from the canals, the central nervous system can detect rotation in planes other than those of the canals.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • proprioception — 1906, from proprioceptor, from L. proprius “own” (see PROPER (Cf. proper)) + RECEPTOR (Cf. receptor). Related: Proprioceptive …   Etymology dictionary

  • proprioception — [prō΄prē ə sep′shən] n. Physiol. the normal awareness of one s posture, movement, balance, and location based on the sensations received by the proprioceptors …   English World dictionary

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  • Proprioception — The ability to sense stimuli arising within the body. Even if you are blindfolded, you know through proprioception if your arm is above your head or hanging by your side. The word “proprioception” was coined in 1906 by the English… …   Medical dictionary

  • proprioception — noun Etymology: proprioceptive + ion Date: 1906 the reception of stimuli produced within the organism …   New Collegiate Dictionary

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  • proprioception — noun /ˌpɹəʊ.pɹi.əʊˈsɛp.ʃən,ˌpɹoʊ.pɹi.oʊˈsɛp.ʃən/ The sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body. See Also: proprioceptive …   Wiktionary

  • proprioception — n. reception of information about body position movements by the sensory systems …   English contemporary dictionary

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