mir

mir
/mear/; Russ. /myeerdd/, n., pl. miri /mear"ee/; Russ. /myee"rddi/. Russian.
a village commune of peasant farmers in prerevolutionary Russia.

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Russian space station.

It consists of a core module launched in 1986 and five additional modules launched separately over the next decade and attached to the core unit to create a large, versatile space laboratory. The third generation of Russian space stations (see Salyut), Mir featured six docking ports for modules and other spacecraft, expanded living quarters, more power, and modernized research equipment. It supported human habitation between 1986 and 2000, including an uninterrupted stretch of occupancy of almost 10 years, and it hosted a series of U.S. astronauts in 1995–98 as part of a Mir-space shuttle cooperative endeavour. In 1995, Valery Polyakov (b. 1942) set a world endurance record of nearly 438 days in space aboard Mir. In March 2001 the abandoned station was brought down in a controlled reentry, with the surviving pieces falling into the Pacific Ocean.

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▪ Soviet-Russian space station
 Soviet/Russian (Russia) modular space station, the core module (base block) of which was launched into Earth orbit by the U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in 1986. Over the next decade additional modules were sent aloft on separate launch vehicles and attached to the core unit, creating a large habitat that served as a versatile space laboratory for more than 14 years.

      Mir (Russian: “Peace” or “World”) was the third generation of space stations developed by the Soviet Union. Its core module resembled its simpler predecessors in the Salyut series but had additional docking ports (a total of six) that accommodated not only a succession of manned spacecraft and cargo ferries but also permanently attached expansion modules equipped for scientific research.

 Mir's core module was launched on February 20, 1986. It had the form of a stepped cylinder about 13 metres (43 feet) long and 4.2 metres (13.8 feet) in diameter at its widest point. The module had a docking port at each end and four ports sited radially at its forward end. On March 13, 1986, cosmonauts Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov were sent aloft aboard a Soyuz T spacecraft to rendezvous with Mir and become its first occupants. Between March 1987 and April 1996, five expansion modules were added to the core unit—Kvant 1 (1987), an astrophysics observatory; Kvant 2 (1989), containing supplementary life-support equipment and a large airlock; Kristall (1990), a materials-sciences laboratory; and Spektr (1995) and Priroda (1996), two science modules containing remote-sensing instruments for ecological and environmental studies of Earth. With the exception of its first occupants, Mir's cosmonaut crews traveled between the station and Earth in upgraded Soyuz TM spacecraft, and supplies were transported by robotic Progress cargo ferries.

      Mir supported human habitation from March 14, 1986, to June 15, 2000, which included an uninterrupted stretch of occupancy of almost 10 years. It hosted more than 100 people from 12 countries, including a series of U.S. astronauts in 1995–98 as part of a Mir– space shuttle cooperative endeavour. Between January 1994 and March 1995, Mir cosmonaut-physician Valery Polyakov (Polyakov, Valery Vladimirovich) set an endurance record of 438 continuous days in space, longer than the approximately nine months estimated for a manned voyage to the planet Mars.

      Designed for only a five-year life, the aging Mir suffered a series of equipment failures and accidents in 1996–97 but remained in service. On March 23, 2001, the abandoned Mir made a controlled reentry, with the surviving pieces falling into the Pacific Ocean. (See also Energia.)

David M. Harland
 

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • mir — mir …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • Mir EO-4 — Number of crew Three Launch 15:49:34, 26 November 1988 (UTC) (1988 11 26T15:49:34Z) (TM 7) Launch site Baikonur Site 1/5 Launch craft Soyuz TM 6 (Polyakov) Soyuz TM 7 (others) …   Wikipedia

  • mir — [mi:ɐ̯] Personalpronomen; Dativ von »ich«>: a) gib mir mal das Buch. b) <reflexivisch> ich wünsche mir etwas Ruhe. * * * mir 〈Dativ des Personalpron. „ich“〉 mir brauchen Sie das nicht zu sagen! ich weiß doch Bescheid; geben Sie es mir!;… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Mir EO-2 — Call sign Tamyr Number of crew Two Launch 21:38:03, 5 February 1987 (UTC) (1987 02 05T21:38:03Z)[1] 01:59:00, July 22, 1987 (UTC) (1987 07 22T01:59:00Z) …   Wikipedia

  • Mir-2 — was a space station project begun in February 1976.[1] Some of the modules built for Mir 2 have been incorporated into the International Space Station (ISS). The project underwent many changes, but was always based on the DOS 8 base block space… …   Wikipedia

  • Mir-2 — est un projet de station spatiale commencé en février 1976. Certains des modules construits pour Mir 2 ont été incorporées dans la Station spatiale internationale (ISS). Sommaire 1 Histoire du projet 1.1 De 1981 à 1987: KB Saliout Mir 2 1.2 14… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • MIR — (russ.: „Welt, Gemeinschaft“; „Frieden“) steht für: Mir (Raumstation), eine russische Raumstation Mir (Dorfgemeinschaft), russische Dorfgemeinschaft Mir (Weißrussland), eine Stadt in Weißrussland, mit dem Schloss von Mir (Weltkulturerbe) Mir… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Mir EO-3 — Number of crew Two Launch 11:18:03, 21 December 1987 (UTC) (1987 12 21T11:18:03Z) (TM 4) Launch site Baikonur Site 1/5 Launch craft Soyuz TM 4 Soyuz TM 6 (Polyakov) …   Wikipedia

  • MIR — MIR, town in Grodno district, Belarus. From 1569 until 1813 the town and the surrounding estates were the property of the Radziwill princes. Jews first settled in Mir at the beginning of the 17th century. To begin with they were under the… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Mir — (russ.: „Welt, Gemeinschaft“; „Frieden“) steht für: Mir (Raumstation), eine russische Raumstation Mir (Dorfgemeinschaft), russische Dorfgemeinschaft Mir (Weißrussland), eine Stadt in Weißrussland, mit dem Schloss von Mir (Weltkulturerbe) Mir… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • MIR — {{{image}}}   Sigles d une seule lettre   Sigles de deux lettres > Sigles de trois lettres AAA à DZZ EAA à HZZ IAA à LZZ MAA à PZZ QAA à TZZ UAA à XZZ …   Wikipédia en Français

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