mineralogy

mineralogy
mineralogical /min'euhr euh loj"i keuhl/, mineralogic, adj.mineralogically, adv.mineralogist, n.
/min'euh rol"euh jee, -ral"euh-/, n.
the science or study of minerals.
[1680-90; MINERA(L) + -LOGY]

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Scientific study of minerals, including their physical properties, chemical composition, internal crystal structure, occurrence and distribution in nature, and origins or conditions of formation.

Mineralogic studies range from description and classification of new or rare minerals to analysis of crystal structure and laboratory or industrial synthesis of mineral species. The methods employed include physical and chemical identification tests, determination of crystal symmetry and structure, optical examination, X-ray diffraction, and isotope analysis.

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 scientific discipline that is concerned with all aspects of minerals (mineral), including their physical properties, chemical composition, internal crystal structure, and occurrence and distribution in nature and their origins in terms of the physicochemical conditions of formation.

      A brief treatment of mineralogy follows. For further discussion, see geology: Study of the composition of the Earth (geology).

      The goals of mineralogical studies may be quite diverse, ranging from the description and classification of a new or rare mineral, to an analysis of crystal structure involving determination of its internal atomic arrangement, or to the laboratory or industrial synthesis of mineral species at high temperatures and pressures. The methods employed in such studies are equally varied and include simple physical and chemical identification tests, determination of crystal symmetry, optical examination, X-ray diffraction, isotopic analysis, and other sophisticated procedures.

      Although much mineralogical research centres on the chemical and physical properties of minerals, significant work is conducted on their origin as well. Investigators are frequently able to infer the way in which a mineral species forms on the basis of data obtained from laboratory experiments and on theoretical principles drawn from physical chemistry and thermodynamics.

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Universalium. 2010.

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