Louvain

Louvain
Fr. /looh vaonn"/, n.
a city in central Belgium. 29,792.

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      municipality and capital of Flemish Brabant province, Flemish Region, central Belgium. It lies along the Dyle (Dijle) River and is connected by canal with the Scheldt (Schelde). The city is about 16 miles (26 km) east of Brussels. It was founded in the 9th century around a fortress built by a German emperor against the Normans, and it became important in the 11th century as the residence of the counts of Louvain, afterward (1190) the dukes of Brabant.

      Louvain was a cloth-weaving centre and one of the largest cities in Europe in the 14th century, when a feud began between its citizenry and nobility. In 1379, 17 nobles were massacred in the town hall, bringing down the vengeance of the duke, to whom the citizens made abject surrender in 1383. Soon thereafter the city declined as many weavers fled to Flanders and England; the duke moved to Vilvoorde, and Brussels replaced Louvain as the capital of Brabant. What it lost in trade, Louvain partly recovered as a seat of learning, for in 1425 the Catholic University of Louvain (Louvain, Catholic University of) was founded. The first university in the Netherlands, it became renowned for its Roman Catholic teaching. Louvain suffered considerable damage in World Wars I and II. During the German invasion of 1914, the university's famous library and the Cloth Workers' Hall (1193) were burned.

      Louvain is still a major cultural centre and is also an agricultural market. Its industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of leather goods, machinery, and chemicals, as well as sawmilling and bell founding.

      The three-story town hall is one of the richest and most detailed examples of pointed Gothic and was built by Mathieu de Layens, the master mason, from 1448 to 1463. The Church of St. Peter, which originally dated from the early 11th century, was twice destroyed before being rebuilt as a Gothic structure (1425–97), and it was again damaged in both world wars. The church contains two fine paintings by Dirck Bouts and ironwork and brasswork—much of it by Quentin Massys. Other notable medieval buildings include the “Round Table” (former meeting place of the merchant guilds), churches of St. Gertrude, St. Quentin, Saint-Michel, and St. James, two monasteries, and a béguinage (retreat for secular nuns) with a church of 1305; the béguinage has been the property of Louvain's Catholic University since 1962. At nearby Heverlee is the 16th-century château of Arenberg; Leefdaal has one of similar vintage. Pop. (1993 est.) mun., 85,592.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Louvain — can refer to two distinct cities in Belgium: * Louvain, the French name of Leuven, still often used in English; * Louvain la Neuve, the French speaking new town created in the 1960s …   Wikipedia

  • Louvain — ist der Name folgender Orte: Löwen, belgische Stadt in Flandern Louvain la Neuve, belgischer Universitätsstandort Wallonisch Brabant Siehe auch: Louven Diese Seite ist eine …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Louvain — Nom porté dans l Aisne et dans l Oise. Désigne celui qui est originaire de Louvain, en Belgique, pas très loin de Bruxelles. Sens du toponyme : peut être du bas allemand loo (colline boisée) + veen (= marécage), mais aucune étymologie ne s impose …   Noms de famille

  • Louvain — (spr. Luwäng), Stadt, so v.w. Löwen …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

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  • Louvain — [lo͞o van′; ] E [ lo͞o vān′] Fr. name for LEUVEN …   English World dictionary

  • Louvain — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Louvain (homonymie). Louvain (nl) Leuven …   Wikipédia en Français

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