hybrid

hybrid
/huy"brid/, n.
1. the offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera, esp. as produced through human manipulation for specific genetic characteristics.
2. a person or group of persons produced by the interaction or crossbreeding of two unlike cultures, traditions, etc.
3. anything derived from heterogeneous sources, or composed of elements of different or incongruous kinds: a hybrid of the academic and business worlds.
4. a word composed of elements originally drawn from different languages, as television, whose components come from Greek and Latin.
adj.
5. bred from two distinct races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera.
6. composite; formed or composed of heterogeneous elements.
7. composed of elements originally drawn from different languages, as a word.
[1595-1605; < L hybrida, hibrida a crossbred animal]
Syn. 5. HYBRID, MONGREL refer to animals or plants of mixed origin. HYBRID is the scientific term: hybrid corn; a hybrid variety of sheep. MONGREL, used originally of dogs to denote the offspring of crossings of different breeds, is now extended to other animals and to plants; it is usually deprecatory, as denoting mixed, nondescript, or degenerate breed or character: a mongrel pup.
Ant. 5. purebred, thoroughbred.

* * *

Offspring of parents that differ in genetically determined traits (see genetics).

The parents may be of two different species, genera, or (rarely) families. The terms "mongrel" and "crossbreed" refer usually to animals or plants resulting from a cross between two races, breeds, strains, or varieties of the same species. Because of basic biological incompatibilities, sterile hybrids (those that cannot produce living young) such as the mule (a hybrid between a jackass and a mare) commonly result from crosses between species. Some species hybrids, however, are fertile and can be sources for the formation of new species. Many economically or aesthetically important cultivated plants (e.g., bananas, coffee, peanuts, dahlias, roses, bread wheats, alfalfa, etc.) originated through natural or artificially induced hybridization. Hybridization is important biologically because it increases necessary genetic variation within a species.

* * *

      offspring of parents that differ in genetically determined traits. The parents may be of different species, genera, or (rarely) families. The term hybrid, therefore, has a wider application than the terms mongrel or crossbreed, which usually refer to animals or plants resulting from a cross between two races, breeds, strains, or varieties of the same species. There are many species hybrids in nature (in ducks, oaks, blackberries, etc.), and, although naturally occurring hybrids between two genera have been noted, most of these latter result from human intervention.

      Because of basic biological incompatibilities, sterile hybrids (those incapable of producing living young) such as the mule (a hybrid between a jackass and a mare) commonly result from crosses between species. Some interspecific hybrids, however, are fertile and true breeding. These hybrids can be sources for the formation of new species. Many economically or aesthetically important cultivated plants (bananas, coffee, peanuts, dahlias, roses, bread wheats, alfalfa, etc.) have originated through natural hybridization or hybridization induced by chemical means, temperature changes, or irradiation.

      The process of hybridization is important biologically because it increases the genetic variety (number of different gene combinations) within a species, which is necessary for evolution to occur. If climatic or habitat conditions change, individuals with certain combinations may be eliminated, but others with different combinations will survive. In this way, the appearance or behaviour of a species gradually may be altered. Such natural hybridization, which is widespread among certain species, makes the identification and enumeration of species very difficult.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?
Synonyms:

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hybrid — Datos generales Origen España, Madrid Información artístic …   Wikipedia Español

  • hybrid — or hybrid security A package or combination of financial instruments. Hybrid structures range from simple to highly complex. See structured notes. American Banker Glossary A package of two or more different kinds of risk management instruments… …   Financial and business terms

  • Hybrid — Hy brid, a. 1. Produced from the mixture of two genetically distinct strains; as, plants of hybrid nature. [1913 Webster] 2. derived by a mixture of characteristics from two distinctly different sources; as, a hybrid musical style; a hybrid DNA… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Hybrid-CD —   [lat. hybrida, »Mischling«, »Bastard«], eine CD ROM, die sowohl von einem PC als auch von einem Macintosh Computer (Kurzform Mac) gelesen werden kann. Da PCs und Macs unterschiedliche Dateisysteme verwenden ein PC das System nach ISO 9660, ein… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Hybrid — Hy brid, n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. ? wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr. ype r over, E. over: cf. F. hybride.] 1. (Biol.) The offspring of the union of two animals or plants derived from… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • hybrid — hybrid:⇨überheblich hybrid→eingebildet …   Das Wörterbuch der Synonyme

  • hybrid — [hī′brid] n. [L hybrida, offspring of mixed parentage] 1. the offspring produced by crossing two individuals of unlike genetic constitution; specif., the offspring of two animals or plants of different races, varieties, species, etc. 2. anything… …   English World dictionary

  • hybrid — hybrid. См. гибрид. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Hybrid — (Hybridisch, v. lat. hybridus), 1) s. Hidrida; 2) von Pflanzen, welche durch Kreuzung erzeugt, Planta hybrida, also eine Bastardpflanze. Hybriditas, die Kreuzung, Bastarderzeugung, die künstliche (od. auch natürliche) Befruchtung des Pistills mit …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Hybrīd — (hybridisch), durch geschlechtliche Kreuzung entstandene Nachkommenschaft von Eltern, die verschiedenen Arten oder Varietäten angehören (vgl. Bastardpflanzen); Hybridation, Kreuzung; hybridisches Geschöpf, soviel wie Mischling, Blendling,… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Hybrid — Hybrīd, hybrīdisch (lat., auch hibrid etc.), von zweierlei Abkunft, zwitterartig, unecht; Hybriden, Blendlinge, Bastarde, insbes. Bastardpflanzen (s.d.); Vox hybrĭda, ein aus zwei verschiedenen Sprachen zusammengesetztes Wort; Hybridation,… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”