Hakka

Hakka
/hah"keuh/; Chin. /hahk"kah"/, n., pl. Hakkas, (esp. collectively) Hakka for 1.
1. a member of a Chinese people originally of northern China, now widely distributed throughout southeastern China, in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and in Southeast Asia.
2. the Chinese language spoken by the Hakka.

* * *

Ethnic group of China.

Their name is Cantonese for "guest people" and is indicative of their unassimilated status in the areas of southern China where they live. In the 18th–19th centuries they often feuded with their non-Hakka neighbours over land. The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) initially grew out of these local conflicts; after it, many Hakka emigrated to Taiwan and the Malay Peninsula.

* * *

people
Chinese (Pinyin)  Kejia , (Wade-Giles romanization)  K'o-chia 

      group of North Chinese who migrated to South China, especially Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi provinces, during the fall of the Southern Song dynasty in the 1270s. Worldwide they are thought to number about 80 million, although the number of Hakka speakers is considerably lower. Their origins remain obscure, but the people who became the Hakka are thought to have lived originally in Henan and Shanxi provinces in the Huang He (Yellow River) valley. They moved southward in two large migrations, one in the early 4th century and another in the late 9th century, perhaps to escape warfare or the domination of Inner Asian peoples. Their final migration in the 13th century took them farther south to their present areas of concentration. The name Hakka is a Cantonese pronunciation of the Mandarin word kejia (“guest people”), which the northerners were called to distinguish them from the bendi, or natives. They are considered to be a branch of the Han.

      Having settled in South China in their own communities, the Hakka never became fully assimilated into the native population. Unlike most other Chinese before the 20th century, they shunned such practices as foot-binding. Their language has affinities with both Cantonese, the language of the people of Guangdong province, and Mandarin, the language of much of northern and central China; many of the Hakka tongue's initial sounds are a bridge between the two dialects.

      During the 18th and 19th centuries, when conditions in South China became very bad and land quite scarce, the Hakka often were involved in land feuds with the bendi. The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), which is said to have resulted in the death of more than 20,000,000 people and completely shattered South China, initially grew out of these local conflicts. Although the bendi eventually joined the revolt, Taiping leadership was mainly of Hakka origin.

      After the rebellion, the Hakka continued to be involved in little skirmishes with their neighbours, as a result of which many migrated to other areas. Today many Hakka live in such widely scattered locations as Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Sabah, Sarawak, and even Jamaica. In South China they continue to dwell mainly in the less fertile upland areas and in Hong Kong.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • hakka — hakka …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • Hakka — Siedlung Die Hakka sind eine der acht Han chinesischen Volksgruppen. Sie haben eine eigene chinesische Sprache, die sich in mehrere Dialekte aufteilt, und weisen bestimmte kulturelle Besonderheiten auf. Sie stammen ursprünglich aus der Gegend um… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • HAKKA — Chinois du Nord qui émigrèrent en Chine méridionale, particulièrement dans les provinces de Guangdong et Fujian, sous la dynastie des Song du Sud (1127 1279), quand la Chine du Nord fut envahie par des tribus venues d’Asie centrale. Le nom Hakka… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • *hakka — ● hakka nom masculin Dialecte chinois parlé principalement dans le nord et l est du Guangdong …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Hakka — Hakka,   Kojia [ dʒ ], nordchinesisches Volk, seit etwa 1300 in Südchina, auf Hainan und Taiwan ansässig. Seine Mundart ist sowohl dem Kantonesischen als auch dem Mandarin verwandt (chinesische Sprache und Schrift) …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Hakka — Infobox Ethnic group group=Hakka 客家 Hak kâ caption = Clockwise from top left: Lee Kuan Yew, Wen Tianxiang, Thaksin Shinawatra, Fann Wong, Yap Ah Loy, Eric Tsang poptime=estimated 30 45 million worldwide popplace=Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi,… …   Wikipedia

  • Hakka —  Ne doit pas être confondu avec Haka, Hakha ni Aka. Hakkas Forteresse hakka au Fujian …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hakka — Fortaleza hakka en el Fujian. Los hakka (客家人, en hakka: hk ga ngin; en chino mandarín: kèjīarén o kèjiā; el sinograma tiene por significado: «familias invitadas») son un subgrupo bastante diferenciado de los han. Sus antepasados se remontan a… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Hakka TV — Infobox TV channel name = Hakka TV logofile = logosize = logoalt = logo2 = launch = 2003 07 01 closed date = picture format = share = share as of = share source = network = Taiwan Broadcasting System owner = slogan = country = TWN broadcast area …   Wikipedia

  • Hakka — 1. adjective Relating to the Hakka (Kejia, 客家), an ethnic group of the Han Chinese. 2. noun a) A person of Hakka descent. b) A Chinese dialect mainly spoken in the south eastern part of mainland China (Fujian and Guangdong), Taiwan …   Wiktionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”