You can mark you interesting snippets of text that will be available through a unique link in your browser.


average

Translation
average
—averageable, adj. —averagely, adv. —averageness, n.
/av"euhr ij, av"rij/, n., adj., v., averaged, averaging.
n.
1. a quantity, rating, or the like that represents or approximates an arithmetic mean: Her golf average is in the 90s. My average in science has gone from B to C this semester.
2. a typical amount, rate, degree, etc.; norm.
3. Statistics. See arithmetic mean.
4. Math. a quantity intermediate to a set of quantities.
5. Com.
a. a charge paid by the master of a ship for such services as pilotage or towage.
b. an expense, partial loss, or damage to a ship or cargo.
c. the incidence of such an expense or loss to the owners or their insurers.
d. an equitable apportionment among all the interested parties of such an expense or loss. Cf. general average, particular average.
6. on the or an average, usually; typically: She can read 50 pages an hour, on the average.
adj.
7. of or pertaining to an average; estimated by average; forming an average: The average rainfall there is 180 inches.
8. typical; common; ordinary: The average secretary couldn't handle such a workload. His grades were nothing special, only average.
v.t.
9. to find an average value for (a variable quantity); reduce to a mean: We averaged the price of milk in five neighborhood stores.
10. (of a variable quantity) to have as its arithmetic mean: Wheat averages 56 pounds to a bushel.
11. to do or have on the average: He averages seven hours of sleep a night.
v.i.
12. to have or show an average: to average as expected.
13. average down, to purchase more of a security or commodity at a lower price to reduce the average cost of one's holdings.
14. average out,
a. to come out of a security or commodity transaction with a profit or without a loss.
b. to reach an average or other figure: His taxes should average out to about a fifth of his income.
15. average up, to purchase more of a security or commodity at a higher price to take advantage of a contemplated further rise in prices.
[1485-95; earlier averay charge on goods shipped, orig. duty ( < MF avarie < OIt avaria < Ar 'awariyah damaged merchandise), with -AGE r. -ay]

* * *

      in maritime law, loss or damage, less than total, to maritime (maritime law) property (a ship or its cargo), caused by the perils of the sea. An average may be particular or general. A particular average is one that is borne by the owner of the lost or damaged property (unless he was insured against the risk). A general average is one that is borne in common by the owners of all the property engaged in the venture.

      The basic idea of general average (the more important form) pertains to property that is voluntarily sacrificed to preserve the remainder of the property from destruction (as by throwing cargo overboard or cutting away masts to preserve the ship in a storm); the owners of the property saved must contribute to the owners of the property sacrificed in such an amount that all will have contributed proportionately to the aggregate value of the lost property.

      Such a custom of contribution was firmly established in Roman law by the 6th century AD. What is now called the law of general average thus has an ancient lineage, and the doctrine has been admitted by all seafaring nations as part of their maritime laws. Repeated attempts to draft international conventions in the field of general average, however, have met with failure.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Synonyms:

  
Share  

Look at other dictionaries:

  • average — 1> среднее (число) Ex: above the average выше среднего Ex: his work is about (up to) the average его работа не хуже и не лучше, чем у других Ex: on an (the) average в среднем Ex: to translate on an average five pages a day переводить в среднем… …   Новый большой англо-русский словарь

  • average — I (midmost) adjective center, centermost, intermediate, mean, mean proportioned, medial, median, mediate, medium, mid, middle, middle class, middle grade, middlemost, middling associated concepts: average annual earnings or wages, average capital …   Law dictionary

  • Average — Av er*age, n. [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF. aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. habere to have. Cf. F. av[ e]rage small cattle, and avarie (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • average — 1. noun 1) среднее число; средняя величина on average strike anaverage below the average above the average 2) insur. убыток от авариисудна 3) распределение убытка от аварии между владельцами (груза, судна) 2.adj. 1) средний average output средний …   Англо-русский словарь Мюллера

  • Average — Av er*age, a. 1. Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Average — Av er*age, v. i. To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an average; as, the losses of the owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Average — Av er*age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Averaged} (?); p. pr. & vb. n. {Averaging}.] 1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean. [1913 Webster] 2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Average — In mathematics, an average, or central tendency[1] of a data set is a measure of the middle value of the data set. Average is one form of central tendency. Not all central tendencies should be considered definitions of average. There are many… …   Wikipedia

  • average — ˈævərɪdʒ 1. сущ. 1) среднее число; средняя величина; среднее (по сумме нескольких величин) on average ≈ в среднем to strike an average ≈ выводить среднее число below the average ≈ ниже среднего above the average ≈ …   Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь

  • average — I. noun Etymology: from earlier average proportionally distributed charge for damage at sea, modification of Middle French avarie damage to ship or cargo, from Old Italian avaria, from Arabic ‘awārīya damaged merchandise Date: 1732 1. a. a single …   New Collegiate Dictionary

Фильмы

  • From Man's Point Of View., 1973 — A film by order of the Central Television about Soviet woman.
  • Steps Of History., 1976 — The film tells about realization in real life of the 24th Congress' of the CPSU decisions, about changes in county's life during 1971-1975.
  • Weightlifting. The Olympic Games -80., 1981 — The technical film "Liftweighting" shows the Olympic tournament of weightlifters in Moscow at the Olympic Games - 80.