apse

apse
apsidal /ap"si dl/, adj.apsidally, adv.
/aps/, n.
1. Archit. a semicircular or polygonal termination or recess in a building, usually vaulted and used esp. at the end of a choir in a church. See diag. under basilica.
2. Astron. an apsis.
[1815-25; var. of APSIS]

* * *

Semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir, chancel (see cathedral), or aisle of a public building, first used in pre-Christian Roman architecture.

Originally a large niche to hold the statue of a deity in a temple, the apse also appeared in ancient baths and basilicas. The domed apse became a standard part of the Christian church plan.

Apse, basilica of S. Vitale, Ravenna, 526–547

Alinari
Art Resource

* * *

also spelled  apsis , plural  apsides 

      in astronomy, either of the two points on an elliptical orbit that are nearest to, and farthest from, the focus, or centre of attraction. The line of apsides, connecting the two points, is the major axis of the orbit. The point nearest the focus is the pericentre, or periapsis, and that farthest from it is the apocentre, or apoapsis. Specific terms can be used for individual bodies: if the Sun is the centre, the specific terms perihelion and aphelion are generally used; if the Earth, perigee and apogee. Periastron and apastron refer to an orbit around a star, and perijove and apojove refer to an orbit around Jupiter.

▪ church architecture
      in architecture, a semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir, chancel, or aisle of a secular or ecclesiastical building. First used in pre-Christian Roman architecture, the apse often functioned as an enlarged niche to hold the statue of a deity in a temple. It was also used in the thermae of ancient baths and in basilicas such as the imperial basilica in the Palace of Domitian on the Palatine Hill.

      During the Early Christian era (c. 4th–mid-8th century), the domed apse became a standard part of the church plan, and from the time of Constantine I, it was placed at the west end of the basilica (e.g., Old St. Peter's). Between the 6th and 7th centuries the Roman branch of the Catholic Church changed the orientation of the apse to the east, as the Byzantine churches had done earlier. The apse was the most elaborately decorated part of the church, with the walls sheathed in marble and the vault ornamented with mosaic that depicted an embodiment of the godhead.

      At the beginning of the 7th century, changing liturgical practices resulted in the addition of apses at the end of either the side aisles or the transept. In addition, the clergy moved its seating from the apse to the choir, and the altar, which had previously been placed between the clergy and the main part of the church, was pushed into the apse. By the Renaissance the altar was often placed against the back wall. This arrangement removed the sacrifice of the mass from the congregation, an adjustment that eventually led, during the 17th century, to increased preaching in the nave of the church with mass said at the distant altar.

      Variations to the apse also developed during the Romanesque period. Although the form of the apse remained simple in Italian architecture—gaining its exterior ornamentation from wall arcading, cornices, and buttressing—outside of Italy, particularly in France, an ambulatory (q.v.) and apse chapels were added to the main structure to form the complex chevet.

 The apse has remained a standard part of ecclesiastic architecture through the 20th century, especially in churches that are designed from the traditional Latin cross or from centralized plans. See also church.
 

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Apse — • The semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Apse     Apse     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • APSE — standing for Ada Programming Support Environment is a program or set of programs to support software development in the Ada programming language.This represented the second stage of the U.S. military Ada project; once the language was implemented …   Wikipedia

  • Apse — ([a^]ps), n.; pl. Apses ([a^]p s[e^]z). [See {Apsis}.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • apse — apse; eph·apse; syn·apse; …   English syllables

  • apse — [æps] n technical [Date: 1800 1900; : Latin; Origin: apsis] the curved inside end of a building, especially the east end of a church …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • apse — [ æps ] noun count a curved area at one end of a church …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • apse — (n.) semicircular extension at the end of a church, 1846, from L. apsis an arch, a vault, from Gk. hapsis (Ionic apsis) loop, arch, originally a fastening, felloe of a wheel, from haptein fasten together, of unknown origin. The original sense in… …   Etymology dictionary

  • apse — ► NOUN ▪ a large semicircular or polygonal recess with a domed roof, typically at a church s eastern end. DERIVATIVES apsidal adjective. ORIGIN Greek apsis arch, vault …   English terms dictionary

  • apse — [aps] n. [L apsis, APSIS] 1. a semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, esp. one at the east end of a church, with a domed or vaulted roof 2. APSIS (sense 1) …   English World dictionary

  • Apse — Typical Early Christian/Byzantine apse with a hemispherical semi dome. This article is about an architectural feature; for the astronomical term see apsis. For the rock band, see Apse (band). Or you may mean the acronym APS. In architecture, the… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”