M*A*S*H

a US comic novel, film and television series about military doctors during the Korean War. M*A*S*H is short for Mobile Army Surgical Hospital. Richard Hooker wrote the novel (1968) as a way of bringing the horrors of the Vietnam War to people’s attention. The film version (1970) was directed by Robert Altman and won the prize for best film at the Cannes Film Festival. The television series on CBS (1974–83) won several Emmy awards, and the final programme was watched by more than 50 million people.

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▪ American television series

      American television comedy-drama series that aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System (now CBS Corporation) for 11 seasons (1972–83). The series was based on the 1970 motion picture of the same name directed by Robert Altman (Altman, Robert). The show enjoyed excellent ratings and critical acclaim, with its final episode drawing the largest audience to date for a television episode.

      Set in South Korea during the Korean War, M*A*S*H followed the medical staff who cared for the wounded in a mobile army surgical hospital. Initially, the series focused on the characters that had been established in Altman's film, with the two lead roles being the army surgeons Capt. Benjamin Franklin (“Hawkeye”) Pierce (played by Alan Alda) and Capt. (“Trapper”) John McIntyre (Wayne Rogers). Although talented physicians, Hawkeye and Trapper were unlikely soldiers. Both had nonconformist personalities and strong affinities with nurses and bootleg liquor. Their antics routinely outraged their straight-laced superior officers: Maj. Margaret “Hot Lips” Houlihan (Loretta Swit), the ranking nurse; Maj. Frank Burns (Larry Linville), their nemesis during the 1972–77 seasons; and Maj. Charles Emerson Winchester (David Ogden Stiers), their priggish foil from 1977 until the end of the series. The base was officially commanded by incompetent but genial Lt. Col. Henry Blake (McLean Stevenson) and later in the series (1975–83) by irascible Col. Sherman Potter (Harry Morgan); however, in reality, the base's operation was held together by the company clerk, Corp. “Radar” O'Reilly (Gary Burghoff, reprising the role he had played in the film). Another corporal, Max Clinger (Jamie Farr), frequently cross-dressed in the hope that it would earn him a medical discharge and flight home.

      Despite significant cast changes during the course of its run—including the departure of Rogers, replaced as Hawkeye's partner in crime by Capt. B.J. Honeycutt, played by Mike Farrell—the series maintained its continuity through its consistently strong performances and writing (most notably by producer Larry Gelbart). The complex characters were able to learn and grow over time, evolving in a style seldom seen in sitcoms. The series was also unique in its use of multiple plotlines, visually handled by longer takes and tracking shots that changed direction as the story line moved from one character to another. Though set during an earlier war, M*A*S*H aired in the wake of and during the Vietnam War, and the antiwar message was never far from viewers' minds.

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