(s)pen-

(s)pen-
To draw, stretch, spin.
Derivatives include spider, pansy, pendant1, appendix, penthouse, and spontaneous.
I. Basic form *spen-.
1. Suffixed form *spen-wo-.
a. spider, spin, from Old English spinnan, to spin, and spīthra, spider, contracted from Germanic derivative *spin-thrōn-, “the spinner”
b. spindle, from Old English spinel, spindle, from Germanic derivative *spin-ilōn-. Both a and b from Germanic *spinnan, to spin.
2. Extended form *pend-. painter2, pansy, penchant, pendant1, pendentive, pendulous, pendulum, pensile, pension1, pensive, peso, poise1; antependium, append, appendix, avoirdupois, compendium, compensate, counterpoise, depend, dispense, expend, impend, penthouse, perpend, perpendicular, prepense, propend, recompense, stipend, suspend, vilipend, from Latin pendēre, to hang (intransitive), and pendere, to cause to hang, weigh, with its frequentative pēnsāre, to weigh, consider.
3. Perhaps suffixed form *pen-yā-. -penia, from Greek peniā, lack, poverty (< “a strain, exhaustion”).
4. geoponic, lithopone, from Greek ponos, toil, and ponein, to toil, o-grade derivatives of penesthai, to toil.
II. O-grade forms *spon-, *pon-.
1.
a. span2, spancel, from Middle Dutch spannen, to bind;
b. spanner, from Old High German spannan, to stretch. Both a and b from Germanic *spannan.
2. span1, from Old English span(n), distance, from Germanic *spanno-.
3. Perhaps Germanic *spangō. spangle, from Middle Dutch spange, clasp.
4. Suffixed and extended form *pond-o-. pound1, from Latin pondō, by weight.
5. Suffixed and extended form *pond-es-. ponder, ponderous; equiponderate, preponderate, from Latin pondus (stem ponder-), weight, and its denominative ponderāre, to weigh, ponder.
6. Suffixed o-grade form *spon-t-. spontaneous, from Latin sponte, of one's own accord, spontaneously (but this is more likely related to the Germanic verb *spanan, to entice, from a homophonous root).
 
[Pokorny (s)pen-(d-) 988.]

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Universalium. 2010.

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