ak-

ak-
Sharp. Oldest form *ə₂ek̑-, colored to *ə₂ak̑-, becoming *ak̑- in satem languages and *ak- in centum languages.
Derivatives include acute, hammer, heaven, eager1, vinegar, acid, and oxygen.
1. Suffixed form *ak-yā-.
a. edge; selvage, from Old English ecg, sharp side, from Germanic *agjō;
b. egg2, from Old Norse eggja, to incite, goad, from Germanic *agjan.
2. Suffixed form *ak-u-.
a. ear2, from Old English æhher, ēar, spike, ear of grain, from Germanic *ahuz-;
c. acerose, from Latin acus, chaff.
3. Suffixed form *ak-i-. acidanthera, from Greek akis, needle.
4. Suffixed form *ak-men-, stone, sharp stone used as a tool, with metathetic variant *ka-men-, with variants:
a. *ka-mer-. hammer, from Old English hamor, hammer, from Germanic *hamaraz;
b. *ke-men- (probable variant). heaven, from Old English heofon, hefn, heaven, from Germanic *hibin-, “the stony vault of heaven,” dissimilated form of *himin-.
5. Suffixed form *ak-onā-, independently created in:
a. awn, from Old Norse ögn, ear of grain, and Old English agen, ear of grain, from Germanic *aganō; and
b. paragon, from Greek akonē, whetstone.
6. Suffixed lengthened form *āk-ri-. acerate, acrid, acrimony, eager1; carvacrol, vinegar, from Latin ācer, sharp, bitter.
7. Suffixed form *ak-ri-bhwo-. acerbic, exacerbate, from Latin acerbus, bitter, sharp, tart.
8. Suffixed (stative) form *ak-ē-. acid, from Latin acēre, to be sharp.
9. Suffixed form *ak-ēto-. acetabulum, acetic, acetum; ester, from Latin acētum, vinegar.
10. Suffixed form *ak-mā-. acme, acne, from Greek akmē, point.
11. Suffixed form *ak-ro-. acro-; acrobat, acromion, from Greek akros, topmost.
12. O-grade form *ok- (from earlier *əok-) in suffixed form *ok-ri-. mediocre, from Latin ocris, rugged mountain.
13. Suffixed o-grade form *ok-su-. amphioxus, oxalis, oxygen, oxytone, oxyuriasis, paroxysm, from Greek oxus, sharp, sour.
 
[Pokorny 2. ak̑- 18, 3. k̑em- 556.]

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Universalium. 2010.

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