Sovereigns of Scotland

Sovereigns of Scotland

Table
Sovereigns of Scotland1
name reign
Kenneth I MacAlpin (Kenneth I) 843–858
Donald I 858–862
Constantine I 862–877
Aed (Aodh) 877–878
Eochaid (Eocha) and Giric (Ciric)2 878–889
Donald II 889–900
Constantine II 900–943
Malcolm I 943–954
Indulf 954–962
Dub 962–966
Culen 966–971
Kenneth II 971–995
Constantine III 995–997
Kenneth III 997–1005
Malcolm II 1005–34
Duncan I 1034–40
Macbeth 1040–57
Lulach 1057–58
Donald Bane (Donalbane) 1093–94
Duncan II 1093–94
Donald Bane (restored) 1094–97
Edgar 1097–1107
Alexander I 1107–24
David I 1124–53
Malcolm IV 1153–65
William I the Lion (William I) 1165–1214
Alexander II 1214–49
Alexander III 1249–86
Margaret, Maid of Norway (Margaret) 1286–90
Interregnum 1290–92
John de Balliol (John) 1292–96
Interregnum 1296–1306
Robert I the Bruce (Robert I) 1306–29
David II 1329–71
House of Stewart (Stuart)3
Robert II 1371–90
Robert III 1390–1406
James I 1406–37
James II 1437–60
James III 1460–88
James IV 1488–1513
James V 1513–42
Mary, Queen of Scots (Mary) 1542–67
James VI (James I)4 1567–1625
1Knowledge about the early Scottish kings, until Malcolm II, is slim and is partly based on traditional lists of kings. The dating of reigns is thus inexact.
2Eochaid may have been a minor and Giric his guardian; or Giric may have been a usurper. Both appear in the lists of kings for the period.
3"Stewart" was the original spelling for the Scottish family; but, during the 16th century, French influence led to the adoption of the spelling Stuart (or Steuart), owing to the absence of the letter "w" in the French alphabet.
4James VI of Scotland became also James I of England in 1603. Upon accession to the English throne he styled himself "King of Great Britain" and was so proclaimed. Legally, however, he and his successors held separate English and Scottish kingships until the Act of Union of 1707, when the two kingdoms were united as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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