Industrial chemicals

Industrial chemicals

Table
Industrial chemicals
chemicals toxicity, symptoms, and signs
Hydrocarbons
gasoline, toluene, xylene, hexanes, n-hexane, heptanes CNS depression, headache, nausea, vomiting, irritation of skin and eyes
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, and others CNS depression, sensitization of heart muscle; many cause liver and kidney injuries; some cause liver tumours in animals
Alcohols
methanol headache; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; abdominal pain; restlessness; cold, clammy limbs; shortness of breath; CNS depression; blurred vision; blindness
ethanol irritation of stomach, CNS depression, fetal alcohol syndrome; brain damage, amnesia, sleep disturbances, heart damage, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis
Aldehydes
formaldehyde irritation of eyes, nose, and throat; headache; bronchitis; lung edema; asthma and allergic contact dermatitis; carcinogenic in animals
Ketones
various irritation of eyes, nose, and throat
Esters
various irritation of eyes, nose, and throat; pulmonary edema
Aromatic amines and nitro compounds
various CNS depression, methemoglobinemia; some are carcinogenic
Anhydrides and isocyanates
various irritation of skin, eyes, nose, and throat; asthma; allergic contact dermatitis
Miscellaneous organic compounds
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) chloracne, liver injury; carcinogenic and teratogenic in animals
Metals
lead compounds colic; abnormal red blood cells; injuries to kidney, peripheral nerves (weakness and palsy), and brain (irritability, restlessness, excitement, confusion, delirium, vomiting, visual disturbance); lead acetate is carcinogenic in rats
arsenic compounds edema, heart damage, low blood pressure, vomiting of blood, bloody stool, skin lesions, injuries of nervous systems, liver and kidney damage, cancers of skin and lung
Corrosives (acids and alkalies)
various corrosion of skin, mouth, throat, stomach, and intestine on contact; irritation of eyes, nose, and throat if inhaled
Miscellaneous inorganic compounds
hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide drowsiness, dizziness, headache, rapid breathing, palpitations, weakness, muscle twitches, cyanosis, coma, convulsion
hydrogen sulfide, chlorine irritating to skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lung; chest pain; lung edema; shortness of breath; pneumonia; headache; dizziness; nausea; vomiting
sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride irritations of mouth, stomach, and intestine; CNS depression; tooth mottling; increased bone density
bleaches (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite) irritation or corrosion of esophagus, stomach, and intestine; irritation of eyes and skin; acidic condition in the body; rapid breathing; aspiration-induced lung inflammation
silica dust, asbestos fibres lung fibrosis; shortness of breath; cough; chest pain; cancers of the lung, linings of the lung and abdomen, and intestine (asbestos)
Air pollutants
sulfur dioxide irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and lung; nausea and vomiting; shortness of breath; alterations in sense of smell and taste; unconsciousness
nitrogen oxides, ozone irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and lung (dry throat with ozone); shortness of breath; bluish pale appearance; rapid breathing and pulse; pneumonia; nitrogen oxides also cause the destruction of red blood cells and cause liver and kidney damage
carbon monoxide weakness, confusion, headache, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, jaw stiffness, shortness of breath, seizures, coma, lung edema, pneumonia
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Universalium. 2010.

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