You can mark you interesting snippets of text that will be available through a unique link in your browser.


Plant disease symptoms

Plant disease symptoms

▪ Table
Plant disease symptoms
description and causes examples
prenecrotic symptom expression that precedes the death of cells or the disintegration of tissues
water-soaking a water-soaked, translucent condition of tissues caused by water moving from host cells into intercellular spaces late blight lesions on potato and tomato leaves; bacterial soft rot of fleshy vegetables
wilting temporary or permanent drooping of leaves, shoots, or entire plants from lack of water bacterial wilt of cucumber; Fusarium wilt of tomato
abnormal coloration yellowing, reddening, bronzing, or purpling in localized areas of leaves where chlorophyll has been destroyed; may be due to a variety of causes cabbage and aster yellows; halo blight of beans; potassium or phosphorus deficiency
the presence of two or more colours in leaves and flowers due to a genetic abnormality is called variegation; viral infection results in "flower breaking" tulip mosaic
necrotic localized or general death of cells or disintegration of tissues
blast sudden blighting or death of young buds, flowers, or young fruit; failure to produce fruit or seeds Botrytis blight of peony buds; oat blast
bleeding flow of sap, often discoloured, from a split crotch, branch stub, or other wound; usually accompanied by an odour of fermentation bleeding canker of beech, dogwood, and maple
blight sudden or total discoloration and killing of large numbers of blossoms, leaves, shoots, or limbs or the entire plant; usually young tissues are attacked; the disease name is often coupled with the name of the host and the part attacked—blossom blight, twig blight, tip blight fire blight of pome fruits; Diplodia or Sphaeropsis tip blight of conifers
canker a definite, dead, often sunken or swollen and cracked area on a stem, limb, trunk, tuber, or root surrounded by living tissues anthracnose of sycamore and brambles; Nectria canker of hardwoods; fire blight of pome fruits
damping-off decay of seed in soil, rapid death of germinating seedlings before emergence, or emerged seedlings suddenly wilting, toppling over, and dying from rot at or near the soil line preemergence damping-off and postemergence damping-off; both are common in seedbeds
dieback progressive browning and death of shoots, branches, and roots starting at the tips winter injury; wet soil; excess soil nutrients; girdling cankers; stem or root rots; nematodes
firing drying and dying of leaves nitrogen or potassium deficiency in corn; Verticillium wilt of eggplant
fleck a small, white to translucent spot or lesion visible through a leaf ozone injury to many plants; necrotic fleck of lily
mummification final stage in certain fruit rots, in which the dried, shriveled, and wrinkled fruit is called a "mummy" brown rot of stone fruits; black rot of apple
net necrosis an irregular crisscrossing of dark brown to black lines giving a netted appearance in potato tubers of plants with virus leaf roll
pitting small dead areas within fleshy or woody tissue that appears healthy externally; definite sunken grooves or pits are formed virus stem-pitting in apple and peach trunks; stony pit of pear fruit
rot decomposition and putrefaction of cells, later of tissues and organs; the rot may be dry, firm, watery, or mushy and is characterized by such names as hard rot, soft rot, dry rot, black rot, and white rot bacterial soft rot; berry rot; bud rot; bulb rot
scald blanching of young fruit, foliage, and shoot tissue; generally superficial sunscald; apple and pear scald
scorch sudden death and "burning" of large, indefinite areas in leaves and fruit toxicity from pesticides and air pollutants; drought; wind; lack or excess of some nutrient
shot hole dead spotting of leaves with diseased tissue dropping out, leaving small holes bacterial spot; Coryneum blight of peach
spot a definite, localized, round to regular lesion, often with a border of a different colour, characterized as to location (leaf spot, fruit spot) and colour (brown spot, black spot); if numerous or if spots enlarge and merge, a large irregular blotch or blight may develop gray leaf spot of tomato; black spot of rose; tar spot of maple
staghead an advanced form of dieback applied to a tree in which large branches in the upper crown are killed oak wilt on bur oak; dwarf mistletoe on Douglas fir; Armillaria root rot of oak
streak narrow, elongated, somewhat superficial necrotic lesions, with irregular margins, on stems or leaf veins virus streak of pea, raspberry, and tomato; Stewart's wilt of sweet corn
stripe narrow, elongated, parallel, necrotic lesions especially in leaf diseases of cereals and grasses Helminthosporium stripe of barley; Scolecotrichum brown stripe of forage grasses
hypoplastic the underdevelopment of plant cells, tissues, or organs
abortion halting development of an organ after partial differentiation ergot of rye and other grasses
chlorosis yellowing or whitening of normal green tissue due to partial or complete failure of chlorophyll to develop strawberry and aster yellows; genetic variegation in corn; iron deficiency of azalea
stunting or dwarfing the underdevelopment of the plant or some of its organs dahlia stunt or mosaic; curly top of beans; little-leaf disease of pines
rosetting shortening of internodes of shoots and branches, producing a bunchy growth habit peach and lily rosette
hyperplastic or hypertrophic an overdevelopment or overgrowth of plant cells, tissues, or organs; hyperplastic has come to mean an increase in number of cells, hypertrophic an increase in cell size
abscission or cast early dropping of leaves, flowers, or small fruits; usually associated with premature formation of an abscission (separation) cell layer black spot of rose; early blight of tomato; apple scab
callus overgrowth of tissues, often at margins of a canker or wound Nectria canker of hardwoods; stem pitting of peach
curl distortion and crinkling of leaves or shoots resulting from unequal cell growth of opposite sides or in certain tissues tobacco and tomato mosaic; leaf roll of potato; peach leaf curl
epinasty downward or outward curling and bending of a leaf or petiole 2,4-D injury to broadleaf plants; Fusarium wilt of tomato
fasciation, or witches'-broom a distortion that results in a dense, bushy overgrowth of thin, flattened, and sometimes curved shoots, flowers, fruit, and roots at a common point; usually due to adventitious (abnormally located) development of organs witches'-broom of hackberry; hairy root of apple; leaf gall or fasciation of geranium (see also Rosetting under Hypoplastic in this table)
metamorphosis or transformation development of more or less normal tissues or organs in an abnormal location crazy-top of corn and sorghum; formation of aerial potato tubers
proliferation continued development of an organ after it would normally stop growing adventitious shoots in China aster and chrysanthemum from aster yellows mycoplasma
russeting usually a brownish, superficial roughening or corking of the epidermis of leaves, fruit, tubers, or other organs; often due to suberization (cork development) of cells following injury spray or weather injury to apples; sweet potato scurf
scab roughened to crustlike, more or less circular, slightly raised or sunken lesions on the surface of leaves, stems, fruit, or tubers apple, peach, and cucumber scab; common scab of potato
gall, knot, or tumefaction formation of local, fleshy to woody outgrowths or swellings; the outgrowth is often composed of unorganized cells crown gall; black knot of plum; Fusiform gall rust of pine; nematode galls
See as table:

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

  
Share  

Look at other dictionaries:

  • plant disease — ▪ plant pathology Introduction       an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions.       All species of plants, wild and cultivated alike, are subject to disease. Although each species is… …   Universalium

  • plant virus — Any of various viruses that can cause plant disease (e.g., the tobacco mosaic virus). Plant viruses are economically important because many of them infect crop and ornamental plants. Numerous plant viruses are rodlike and can be extracted readily …   Universalium

  • Plant physiology — is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the function, or physiology, of plants.Salisbury, Frank B. Cleon W. Ross, 1992. Plant physiology , 4th ed. (Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing). ISBN 0 534 15162 0] Closely related fields include …   Wikipedia

  • disease — diseasedly, adv. diseasedness, n. /di zeez /, n., v., diseased, diseasing. n. 1. a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection,… …   Universalium

  • plant — plantable, adj. plantless, adj. plantlike, adj. /plant, plahnt/, n. 1. any member of the kingdom Plantae, comprising multicellular organisms that typically produce their own food from inorganic matter by the process of photosynthesis and that… …   Universalium

  • Disease — Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the… …   Medical dictionary

  • disease — noun Etymology: Middle English disese, from Anglo French desease, desaise, from des dis + eise ease Date: 14th century 1. obsolete trouble 2. a condition of the living animal or plant body or of one of its parts that impairs normal functioning… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Physiological plant disorders — are caused by non pathological disorders such as poor light, weather damage, water logging or a lack of nutrients, and affect the functioning of the plant system. Physiological disorder are distinguished from plant diseases caused by pathogens,… …   Wikipedia

  • nutritional disease — Introduction       any of the nutrient related diseases and conditions that cause illness in humans. They may include deficiencies or excesses in the diet, obesity and eating disorders, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,… …   Universalium

  • Minamata disease — Classification and external resources The crippled hand of a Minamata disease victim ICD 10 T56.1 …   Wikipedia