You can mark you interesting snippets of text that will be available through a unique link in your browser.


Tonkawa

Tonkawa

▪ people
      North American Indian tribe of what is now south-central Texas. Their language is considered by some to belong to the Coahuiltecan family and by others to be a distinct linguistic stock in the Macro-Algonquian phylum. Satellite groups of the Tonkawa included the Ervipiame, Mayeye, and Yojuane.

      Before colonization, the Tonkawa were nomadic bison hunters; their mobile villages of tepees were dispersed across the southern Plains landscape. They were notable warriors, whose offensive weapons included bows, arrows, and spears. In battle they wore leather jackets and caps decorated with horns and brilliant plumage. At one time or another the Tonkawa fought most of their neighbours, from the Apache to the Caddo.

      After 1770, when their relations with the Spanish became friendly, the Tonkawa obtained firearms in exchange for tallow, deerskins, and buffalo robes. For a time they also had friendly relations with the Texans. In 1858 they were employed as scouts against the Comanche and Wichita. In 1859 the Tonkawa were removed from the Brazos River reservation to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). The Tonkawa population of perhaps 1,500 at the time of their first European contact (1691) decreased as a result of warfare and disease; Tonkawa descendants numbered more than 300 in the early 21st century.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

  
Share  

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Tonkawa — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Para la lengua, véase idioma tonkawa. Los tonkawa son una tribu india de grupo lingüístico desconocido (englobado a menudo en el grupo hoka sioux) pero emparentado con los caddo. Su nombre procede del waco tonkaweya… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Tonkawa — Extinction début du XXe siècle Parlée aux  États Unis Région Texas …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Tonkawa — Die Titska Watitch oder Tickanwatic (‘Echte, Wirkliche Menschen’), besser bekannt als Tonkawa (sprich: ‘TOHNK ayh wah’, abgel. aus dem Waco tonk a weya ‘Jene, die zusammenbleiben’), waren ein Indianer Stamm der ursprünglich im heutigen östlichen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Tonkawa — The Tonkawa are a people native to central Texas, speaking the Tonkawa language.The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south… …   Wikipedia

  • Tonkawa — Tọnkawa,   Stamm und Sprachfamilie der Prärie und Plains Indianer. Die Tonkawa wurden außer einer kleinen Gruppe mit Reservationsland in Nordoklahoma (etwa 200) in Zentraltexas völlig mexikanisiert …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Tonkawa Indians — • A tribal group formerly ranging about the middle Trinity and Colorado Rivers, in Eastern Texas Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Tonkawa Indians     Tonkawa Indians …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Tonkawa (Oklahoma) — Tonkawa Ciudad de los Estados Unidos Ubicación en el condado de Kay en Oklahoma …   Wikipedia Español

  • Tonkawa language — language name=Tonkawa familycolor=Isolate states=United States region=Western Oklahoma, South central Texas and into New Mexico extinct=20th century iso2=nai|iso3=tqw|SIL=TON The Tonkawa language was spoken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico by… …   Wikipedia

  • Tonkawa, Oklahoma — Infobox Settlement official name = Tonkawa, Oklahoma settlement type = City nickname = motto = imagesize = image caption = image mapsize = 250px map caption = Location of Tonkawa, Oklahoma mapsize1 = map caption1 = subdivision type = Country… …   Wikipedia

  • Idioma tonkawa — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Área del idioma tonkinawa El idioma tonkawa era hablado en Oklahoma, Texas y Nuevo México por la gente de Tonkawa. El tonkawa es un idioma extinto, y los miembros de la tribu tonkawa ahora hablan sólo …   Wikipedia Español