Sayyid Dynasty

▪ Indian dynasty

      rulers of India's Delhi sultanate (c. 1414–51) as successors of the Tughluq dynasty until displaced by the Afghan Lodīs; this family claimed to be sayyids, or descendants of the Prophet Muḥammad. The central authority of the Delhi sultanate had been fatally weakened by the invasion of Timur (Tamerlane) and his sack of Delhi in 1398. For the next 50 years, North India was virtually divided among a number of military chiefs, the strongest of whom were the Sharqī sultans of Jaunpur.

      The first Sayyid ruler of Delhi was Khizr Khān (reigned 1414–21), who had been governor of the Punjab. He and his three successors occupied themselves in raids to collect revenue, barely maintaining themselves against the Sharqī sultans to the east and the Khokars to the northwest. Khizr's successor, Mubārak Shāh, had some success, but, after the latter's assassination in 1434, his two successors, Muḥammad Shāh and ʿĀlam Shāh, proved incapable. ʿĀlam Shāh abandoned Delhi for Badaun in 1448, and three years later Bahlūl Lodī, already ruler of the Punjab, seized Delhi and inaugurated the Lodī, the last dynasty of the Delhi sultanate.

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