Sāmarrāʾ

Sāmarrāʾ

Iraq
      town, central Iraq. Located on the Tigris River (Tigris-Euphrates river system), it is the site of a prehistoric settlement of the 5th millennium BC. The town was founded between the 3rd and 7th centuries AD. In 836, when the ʿAbbāsid caliph al-Muʿtaṣim (Muʿtaṣim, al-) was pressured to leave Baghdad, he made Sāmarrāʾ his new capital. He built a palace and gardens, and under his successors the town grew until it stretched along the Tigris for 20 miles (32 km). In 892 the caliph al-Muʿtamid transferred the capital back to Baghdad, causing the subsequent decline of Sāmarrāʾ. By 1300 most of the town was in ruins; it has since revived.

      Sāmarrāʾ is a pilgrimage centre for Shīʿite Muslims. The shrine to ʿAli al-Ḥādī and Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī, the 11th and 12th imams, is one of the holiest of Shīʿism. It was built in the 9th century, when Sāmarrāʾ was the seat of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate, and underwent a number of renovations, including the addition of a gilded dome in 1905. In 2006, amid violence between Shīʿite and Sunni (Sunnite) Muslims, the shrine was bombed and suffered extensive damage. The Great Friday Mosque and the nearby Abu Dulaf mosque, both now in ruins, were also built in the 9th century. Al-Malwīyah, a spiral minaret that is a major tourist attraction, was slightly damaged in a 2005 bombing. In 2007 the archaeological remains in Sāmarrāʾ were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Pop. (2004 est.) 214,100.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sāmarrā — Samarra Ville archéologique de Samarra 1 Patrimoine mondial de l humanité établi par l UNESCO La grande mosquée de Samarra et son minaret. Latitude Longitude …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Samarra — Samarra,   Stadt in Irak, 91 m über dem Meeresspiegel, 110 km nördlich von Bagdad am linken Ufer des Tigris, 63 000 Einwohner; schiitischer Wallfahrtsort. Bei Samarra Staudamm im Tigris.   Stadtbild:   Im Zentrum der heutigen ummauerten Stadt… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Samarra — city in north central Iraq; phrase an appointment in Samarra indicating the inevitability of death is from an old Arabic tale (first in English apparently in W. Somerset Maugham s play Sheppey, 1933), in which a man encunters Death (with a… …   Etymology dictionary

  • Samarra — Sa*mar ra, n. See {Simar}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Sâmarra — Sâmarra, ummauerter Hauptort eines Kazas im asiatisch türk. Sandschak und Wilajet Bagdâd, 110 km nordnordwestlich von dieser Stadt am linken Tigrisufer, schiitischer Wallfahrtsort mit prächtigen Moscheen, zahlreichen schiitischen Schulen und 2500 …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Samarra — (Sāmarrā´) ► C. del centro de Irak, en la prov. de Bagdad, a orillas del Tigris; 20 000 h. Yacimientos arqueológicos del V milenio a C. Centro de peregrinación …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • SAMARRA — S MARR Ville de l’Irak, S marr est située sur la rive gauche du Tigre, à 140 kilomètres au nord ouest de Bagdad. Son origine remonte au Ve millénaire, mais elle ne fut longtemps qu’une modeste bourgade. Son destin fut bouleversé lorsque le calife …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • samarra — s. f. 1. Espécie de batina eclesiástica. = CHIMARRA 2. Vestimenta de aspecto rústico, feita de pele de ovelha. 3. Pele de ovelha ou carneiro, enquanto conserva a lã. 4.  [Antigo] Espécie de casacão para uso caseiro. • s. m. 5.  [Depreciativo]… …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • Samarra — Infobox Settlement official name = Sāmarrā other name = Samarra native name = سامَراء nickname = settlement type = Town motto = imagesize = 300px image caption = A U.S. soldier descends a spiral minaret in Samarra, Iraq. flag size = image seal… …   Wikipedia

  • Samarra — 34.19722222222243.872222222222 Koordinaten: 34° 12′ N, 43° 52′ O …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Samarra — Ville archéologique de Samarra * Patrimoine mond …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”