Martin, Luther

Martin, Luther

▪ American lawyer
born February 9, 1744/48, New Brunswick, New Jersey [U.S.]
died July 10, 1826, New York, New York, U.S.

      American lawyer best known for defending Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase (Chase, Samuel) at his impeachment trial and Aaron Burr (Burr, Aaron) at his treason trial and for arguing the losing side in McCulloch (McCulloch v. Maryland) v. Maryland.

      Martin graduated with honours in 1766 from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). For the next three years he taught school in Maryland. Moving to Virginia in 1770, he became superintendent of a grammar school and studied law and in 1771 was accepted into the Virginia bar. He moved back to Maryland shortly thereafter and enjoyed a lucrative practice there.

      A patriot in the years preceding the American Revolution, Martin became attorney general of Maryland in 1778 and vigorously prosecuted loyalists (loyalist). He was a member of Congress in 1785, and in 1787 he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. A strong anti-Federalist opposed to the plan for a strong central government, Martin displayed his disapproval of what the Convention produced by walking out without signing the Constitution (Constitution of the United States of America). Throughout the following year he fought in vain to prevent Maryland from ratifying.

      Martin defended Associate Justice Chase (Chase, Samuel) in 1804, saving the Federalist judge from conviction on impeachment charges. In 1807 Martin came to the aid of Burr (Burr, Aaron), the former vice president, on trial for treason following his mysterious adventure down the Mississippi River.

      Having resigned as Maryland attorney general in 1805, Martin took up that position once again in 1818 after having been a judge from 1813 to 1816. As the state attorney general he argued Maryland's right to tax the Bank of the United States in Maryland (McCulloch v. Maryland) (1819). He lost the case, a landmark decision in the contest between federal authority and states' rights.

      Martin suffered a stroke in 1820. He resigned his office in 1822 and—impoverished and broken both mentally and physically—lived out his final years in Burr's New York home.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Martin Luther — Martin Luther, Porträt von Lucas Cranach d.Ä., 1529. Oberhalb des Kopfes steht in lateinischer Übersetzung Jes 30,15 LUT: „Durch Stillesein und Hoff …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Martin Luther —     Martin Luther     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Martin Luther     Leader of the great religious revolt of the sixteenth century in Germany; born at Eisleben, 10 November, 1483; died at Eisleben, 18 February, 1546.     His father, Hans, was a… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Martin Luther — (10. november 1483 18. februar 1546), kristen teolog og augustinsk munk der inspirererede den lutheranske reformation og havde en dyb indflydelse på de protestantiske doktriner og andre kristne traditioner. Martin Luther var fra 1525 gift med den …   Danske encyklopædi

  • Martin Luther — For other people named Martin Luther, see Martin Luther (disambiguation). Martin Luther Luther in 1533 by Lucas Cranach …   Wikipedia

  • Martin Luther — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Martin Luther (homonymie) et Luther (homonymie). Martin Luther …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Martin Luther King, Jr. — Martin Luther King and MLK redirect here. For other uses, see Martin Luther King (disambiguation) and MLK (disambiguation). Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr …   Wikipedia

  • Martin Luther King, Jr. — Martin Luther King Pour les articles homonymes, voir Martin Luther (homonymie) et King. Martin Luther King, Jr …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Martin Luther King Jr — Martin Luther King Pour les articles homonymes, voir Martin Luther (homonymie) et King. Martin Luther King, Jr …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Martin Luther King Jr. — Martin Luther King Pour les articles homonymes, voir Martin Luther (homonymie) et King. Martin Luther King, Jr …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Martin Luther King — Martin Luther King, Jr. Nombre alternativo Reverendo …   Wikipedia Español

  • Martin-Luther-Kirche — oder kurz Lutherkirche heißen viele evangelische Kirchengebäude, so zum Beispiel in Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Deutschland 2 Großbritannien 3 Österreich 4 Polen 5 Dänemark …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”