Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich

Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich

▪ Soviet statesman
born November 7 [November 19, New Style], 1875, Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Tver province, Russia
died June 3, 1946, Moscow

      communist leader and statesman who was the formal head of the Soviet state from 1919 until 1946.

      A peasant by birth, Kalinin became an industrial worker in the city of St. Petersburg in 1893, joined the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party in 1898, and became one of the first supporters in Russia of Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction. He played an active role in the party's revolutionary functions (he was arrested in 1899 and again in 1903) and participated in the Russian Revolution of 1905 in St. Petersburg. In 1912 he became a candidate member of the Bolsheviks' Central Committee, a member of their Russian bureau, and cofounder of their newspaper Pravda (“Truth”).

      After the Bolshevik coup d'état (November 1917), he served as mayor of Petrograd (St. Petersburg). In March 1919 he became head of the Soviet state—i.e., chairman of the central executive committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. (In 1924 his title was changed to chairman of the All-Union Central Executive Committee, and from 1938 until March 1946 his official post was chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.) In December 1925 he also became a full member of the Politburo of the party's Central Committee.

      Although Kalinin tended to favour the party's right wing in intraparty disputes over industrial and agricultural policies in the 1920s, in crucial votes he supported Joseph Stalin. As a result, he not only survived the purges of the 1930s, during which Stalin eliminated his political rivals, but also retained his high party and government offices until shortly before his death.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Kalinin,Mikhail Ivanovich — Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich. 1875 1946. Russian politician who participated in the revolution of 1917 and was head of state as chairman of the All Union Central Executive Committee (1919 1938) and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1938 1946). * …   Universalium

  • Kalinin, Mikhail (Ivanovich) — born Nov. 19, 1875, Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Russia died June 3, 1946, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. Russian communist leader and statesman. An early supporter of the Bolsheviks, he participated in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and cofounded Pravda. After …   Universalium

  • Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin — noun soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875 1946) • Syn: ↑Kalinin, ↑Mikhail Kalinin • Instance Hypernyms: ↑statesman, ↑solon, ↑national leader …   Useful english dictionary

  • Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin — Michail Iwanowitsch Kalinin (russisch Михаил Иванович Калинин, wiss. Transliteration Michail Ivanovič Kalinin; * 7. Novemberjul./ 19. November 1875greg. in Werchnjaja Troiza, Gouvernement Twer; † 3. Juni 1946 in Moskau) war ein sowjetischer… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ivanovich — (as used in expressions) Alferov Zhores Ivanovich Bukharin Nikolay Ivanovich Chaliapin Feodor Ivanovich Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich Denikin Anton Ivanovich Fyodor Ivanovich Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Guchkov Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen Aleksandr… …   Universalium

  • Mikhail — (as used in expressions) Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov Bakhtin Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakunin Mikhail Aleksandrovich Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich Prince Baryshnikov Mikhail Nikolayevich Borodin Mikhail Markovich Mikhail Gruzenberg Bulgakov… …   Universalium

  • Kalinin — noun soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875 1946) • Syn: ↑Mikhail Kalinin, ↑Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin • Instance Hypernyms: ↑statesman, ↑solon, ↑national leader …   Useful english dictionary

  • Mikhail Kalinin — noun soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875 1946) • Syn: ↑Kalinin, ↑Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin • Instance Hypernyms: ↑statesman, ↑solon, ↑national leader …   Useful english dictionary

  • Mikhail Kalinin — Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union In office 30 December 1922  …   Wikipedia

  • Kalinin — I. biographical name Mikhail Ivanovich 1875 1946 Russian politician; formal head of Soviet state (1919 46) II. geographical name see Tver …   New Collegiate Dictionary

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