Jolivet, André

▪ French composer

born Aug. 8, 1905, Paris, France

died Dec. 19/20, 1974, Paris

      French composer noted for his sophisticated, expressive experiments with rhythm and new sonorities.

      Interested in drama, painting, and literature as a young man, Jolivet soon turned to music and studied seriously with the avant-garde composer Edgard Varèse, among others. His succinct early works (String Quartet and Andante for String Orchestra, both 1934) demonstrate his familiarity with the techniques of Béla Bartók, Arnold Schoenberg, and Alban Berg. In 1935 Jolivet helped found a contemporary chamber-music organization, La Spirale, later to become La Jeune France (the name originated with Hector Berlioz), dedicated to fostering modern nationalistic music. During his service in the French Army during World War II, Jolivet grew interested in primitive religion and magic—influences that may be detected in his style.

      In 1945 he was named music director of the Comédie-Française; thereafter he developed an expressive melodic style exemplified in the virtuoso Concertino for Trumpet, Strings, and Piano (1948) and the spontaneous but symmetrical Flute Concerto of 1949. Opposition to the Neoclassicism of the 1930s led him to experiments with the Ondes Martenot, an electronic instrument (Concerto, 1948), and with complex and enormous orchestrations (Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, 1951), in which the movements evoke sounds of Africa, East Asia, and Polynesia.

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