Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty

▪ United States-Panama [1903]
      (Nov. 18, 1903), agreement between the United States and Panama granting exclusive canal rights to the United States across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for financial reimbursement and guarantees of protection to the newly established republic. The United States had offered similar terms to Colombia, which then controlled Panama, in the Hay–Herrán Treaty (Jan. 22, 1903), but they were rejected by the Colombian government as an infringement on its national sovereignty and because it considered the compensation inadequate.

      With the tacit approval of the U.S. government and the benevolent presence of the U.S. Navy in nearby waters, Panama declared its independence of Colombia on November 3, followed by de facto U.S. recognition three days later. On the 18th, Philippe Bunau-Varilla (Bunau-Varilla, Philippe-Jean), representing Panama, met with Secretary of State John M. Hay (Hay, John) in Washington, D.C., to negotiate the treaty that gave the United States in perpetuity a strip 10 miles (16 km) wide across the isthmus for canal construction. The United States was allowed to govern and fortify this Canal Zone. In return Panama was guaranteed its independence and received $10,000,000 outright plus an annuity of $250,000 beginning nine years later. The treaty was ratified by both countries in 1904, and the Panama Canal was completed in 1914.

      From its inception, there were intermittent disputes over interpretation of the treaty and charges of U.S. discrimination against Panamanians in the zone. In 1978 two new treaties were concluded detailing the steps by which the United States would transfer to Panama full control over the zone and the canal in the year 2000.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty — The Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty was signed on November 18, 1903 (two weeks after Panama s independence from Colombia). Phillipe Bunau Varilla went to Washington, D.C. and New York City to negotiate the terms with several U.S. officials, most… …   Wikipedia

  • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty — (1903)    A treaty between the United States and Panama granting the United States the right to build an Isthmian canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Signed on November 18, 1903 by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and Panama’s… …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • Hay-Bunau-Varilla-Vertrag — Der Hay Bunau Varilla Vertrag war ein am 18. November 1903 in Washington D.C. unterzeichneter Staatsvertrag, zwei Wochen nach der Unabhängigkeit Panamas von Kolumbien. Er verschaffte den Vereinigten Staaten den Besitz am Panamakanal. US Karikatur …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Bunau-Varilla, Philippe-Jean — ▪ French engineer born July 26, 1859, Paris, France died May 18, 1940, Paris       French engineer and a key figure in the decision to construct the Panama Canal.       Born out of wedlock, Bunau Varilla attended two prestigious French… …   Universalium

  • Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla — Infobox Person name = Philippe Jean Bunau Varilla image size = 150px caption = Philippe Jean Bunau Varilla was very influential in the construction of the Panama Canal birth name = birth date = July 26, 1859 birth place = Paris death date = 1940… …   Wikipedia

  • Hay-Herrán Treaty — (1903)    A treaty granting the United States the right to build a canal across Panama. Signed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and Colombia Foreign Minister Tomás Herrán on January 22, 1903, and ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 17, 1903,… …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • Hay-Herran Treaty — The Hay Herran Treaty was a treaty signed on January 22, 1903 between Secretary of State John M. Hay of the United States and Dr. Tomás Herrán of Colombia. Had it been ratified, it would have allowed the United States to acquire a renewable 99… …   Wikipedia

  • Bunau-Varilla, Philippe (-Jean) — born July 26, 1859, Paris, France died May 18, 1940, Paris French engineer. He worked for the French Panama Canal Co. (1884–89) until the project failed. He helped to instigate the revolution that resulted in Panamanian independence and was… …   Universalium

  • Bidlack Treaty — ▪ South America [1846] also called  New Granada Treaty        (Dec. 12, 1846), pact signed by New Granada (now Colombia and Panama) and the United States, which granted the U.S. a right of way across the Isthmus of Panama (Panama, Isthmus of) in… …   Universalium

  • John Hay — Infobox US Cabinet official name=John Milton Hay order=12th title=United States Assistant Secretary of State term start=November 1, 1879 term end=May 3, 1881 predecessor=Frederick W. Seward successor=Robert R. Hitt order2=37th title2=United… …   Wikipedia

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