du Vigneaud, Vincent

du Vigneaud, Vincent

▪ American biochemist
born May 18, 1901, Chicago, Ill., U.S.
died Dec. 11, 1978, White Plains, N.Y.
 American biochemist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1955 for the isolation and synthesis of two pituitary hormones: vasopressin, which acts on the muscles of the blood vessels to cause elevation of blood pressure; and oxytocin, the principal agent causing contraction of the uterus and secretion of milk.

      Du Vigneaud studied at the University of Illinois, Urbana, took his doctorate from the University of Rochester, N.Y. (1927), then studied at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Berlin, and the University of Edinburgh. He headed the biochemistry department of the George Washington University Medical School, Washington, D.C. (1932–38), and was professor and head of the department of biochemistry at the Cornell University Medical College, New York City (1938–67), and professor of chemistry at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (1967–75).

      Du Vigneaud and his staff at Cornell helped identify the chemical structure of the hormone insulin in the late 1930s, and in the early 1940s they established the structure of the sulfur-bearing vitamin biotin. Later that decade, they isolated vasopressin and oxytocin and analyzed both those hormones' chemical structure. Du Vigneaud found that the oxytocin molecule contains only eight different amino acids, in contrast to the hundreds of amino acids most other proteins contain. In 1953 he was able to synthesize oxytocin, becoming the first to achieve the synthesis of a protein hormone. In 1946 du Vigneaud and his colleagues at Cornell achieved another breakthrough, the synthesis of penicillin.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Du Vigneaud , Vincent — (1901–1978) American biochemist Born in Chicago, Illinois, Du Vigneaud graduated from the University of Illinois in 1923; he remained there to take his master s degree before going to the University of Rochester. There he studied the hormone… …   Scientists

  • du Vigneaud,Vincent — du Vi·gneaud (do͞o vēnʹyō, dyo͞o), Vincent. 1901 1978. American biochemist. He won a 1955 Nobel Prize for his work on pituitary hormones. * * * …   Universalium

  • Vigneaud, Vincent du — ► (1901 75) Bioquímico estadounidense. Fue premio Nobel de Química en 1955 por sus investigaciones sobre las hormonas segregadas por las glándulas pituitarias …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Vigneaud — Vincent du Vigneaud 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud (* 18. Mai 1901 in Chicago; † 11. Dezember 1978 in White Plains, NY) war ein amerikanischer Biochemiker. Er isolierte, analysierte und synthetisierte die Hypophysen Hinterlappenhormone …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Vincent du vigneaud — (18 mai 1901 11 décembre 1978) était un biochimiste américain. Il reçut le Prix Lasker en 1948 puis le prix Nobel de chimie en 1955. Il adhéra à la fraternité Alpha Chi Sigma durant ses études à l université de l Illinois en 1930. Lien externe… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vigneaud — Vigneaud, Vincent du …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Du Vigneaud, Vincent — ► (1901 78) Bioquímico estadounidense. Fue premio Nobel de Química en 1955, por sus trabajos sobre compuestos sulfurados y el primer aislamiento y síntesis de la hormona pituitaria vasopresina …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Vincent du Vigneaud — (* 18. Mai 1901 in Chicago; † 11. Dezember 1978 in White Plains, NY) war ein amerikanischer Biochemiker. Er isolierte, analysierte und synthetisierte die Hypophysen Hinterlappenhormone Oxytocin und Vasopressin und erhielt im Jahre 1955 den… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Vincent du Vigneaud — (18 de mayo de 1901 – 11 de diciembre de 1978) fue un bioquímico estadounidense. Fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Química en 1955, por su investigación sobresale por las hormonas, aminoácidos, las vitaminas y las proteínas. Fue profesor de… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Vincent du Vigneaud — (18 mai 1901 11 décembre 1978) était un biochimiste franco américain. Il reçut le Prix Lasker en 1948 puis le prix Nobel de chimie en 1955[1] et le Willard Gibbs Award en 1956. Biographie Il adhéra à la fraternité Alpha Chi Sigma durant ses… …   Wikipédia en Français

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