Calles, Plutarco Elías

Calles, Plutarco Elías

▪ president of Mexico
born Sept. 25, 1877, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico
died Oct. 19, 1945, Mexico City
 military and political leader who modernized the revolutionary armies and later became president of Mexico. He was the founder of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR; National Revolutionary Party (Institutional Revolutionary Party)), which became the major Mexican political party (renamed in 1938 the Partido de la Revolución Mexicana and in 1946 the Partido Revolucionario Institucional).

      He began his career as an elementary schoolteacher but joined the struggle of Francisco Madero against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz in 1910. Calles was an extremely gifted organizer and leader and was a general in the battles, first against Victoriano Huerta and then against Pancho Villa and his rebel forces.

      In 1917 Calles became governor of Sonora. Appointed secretary of commerce, labour, and industry in the cabinet of President Venustiano Carranza, he resigned to support the candidacy of Alvaro Obregón and was instrumental in overthrowing Carranza in 1920. Calles served as secretary of foreign relations in the provisional government of Adolfo de la Huerta (1920) and then as secretary of the interior under President Obregón (1920–24).

      In 1924 Calles was elected president. Though he was becoming increasingly conservative, he sponsored agrarian, labour, and educational reforms. Recognizing the dangers of military coups, he curtailed the influence of the army in Mexico's political life. His term was marked also by difficulties with the Roman Catholic Church and the United States. He applied the constitutional provisions that limited the number of clergy and prohibited church schools. The church, as a consequence, held no public religious services for three years until the dispute was arbitrated in 1929. He approved legislation that restricted alien ownership of land and regulated the petroleum industry; both of these actions angered the United States.

      President-elect Obregón was assassinated in 1928, and for the next six years Calles was the real power behind three puppet presidents. His base was the PNR, which he had organized in 1929; its support of a candidate was tantamount to election. In those six years the more radical aspects of the revolution were methodically curbed. By 1934, however, when left-wing groups had begun to control the PNR, Calles was forced to support their candidate for president, Lázaro Cárdenas. This misalliance deteriorated into an open break, and Calles was forced into exile. He lived in California until 1941, when he was permitted to return to Mexico.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Calles, Plutarco Elías — ► (1877 1945) Político y general mexicano. Fue presidente de la República de 1924 a 1928. Fundó el Partido Nacional Revolucionario (1929) …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Plutarco Elías Calles — Presidente de México …   Wikipedia Español

  • Plutarco Elias Calles — Plutarco Elías Calles Plutarco Elías Calles Président de la République des États Unis du Mexique …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Plutarco Elías Calles — Mandats Président du Mexique …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Plutarco Elías Calles — (* 25. September 1877 in Guaymas, Sonora; † 19. Oktober 1945 in Mexiko Stadt) war ein mexikanischer Politiker und Offizier. Er war indianischer Herkunft. Calles war von 1924 bis 1 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Plutarco Elías Calles — Infobox President | name=Plutarco Elías Calles nationality=Mexican office = President of Mexico term start=December 1, 1924 term end=November 30, 1928 predecessor=Álvaro Obregón successor=Emilio Portes Gil birth date=birth date|1877|9|25|mf=y… …   Wikipedia

  • Elías Calles, Plutarco — VER Calles, Plutarco Elías …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Plutarco Elías — Calles und seine Gattin Natalia Plutarco Elías Calles (* 25. September 1877 in Guaymas, Sonora; † 19. Oktober 1945 in Mexiko Stadt) war ein mexikanischer …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Plutarco Elías Calles — (*Guaymas, Sonora, 25 de septiembre de 1877 Ciudad de México, 19 de octubre de 1945) fue presidente de México de 1924 a 1928. Nació en Guaymas, Sonora, el 25 de setiembre de 1877. Huérfano de padre desde los cuatro años de edad, tomó el apellido… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Plutarco Elías Calles, Sonora — Infobox Settlement name = Plutarco Elías Calles other name = official name = General Plutarco Elías Calles native name = nickname = settlement type = Municipality motto = imagesize = image caption = flag size = image seal size = image shield =… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”