Nurse, Sir Paul M.

born Jan. 25, 1949, Norwich, Norfolk, Eng.

British scientist.

He earned a Ph.D. from the University of East Anglia in 1973 and was a professor at the University of Oxford from 1987 to 1993. In 1996 he was named director general of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now Cancer Research UK). In the mid-1970s he conducted research on yeast and discovered the gene that regulates different phases of the cell cycle. He later found the corresponding gene in humans. His work aided in the understanding of cancer cell development. Nurse shared a Nobel Prize with R. Timothy Hunt and Leland H. Hartwell in 2001.

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▪ British scientist

born January 25, 1949, Norwich, Norfolk, England

      British scientist who, with Leland H. Hartwell (Hartwell, Leland H.) and R. Timothy Hunt (Hunt, R. Timothy), won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 for discovering key regulators of the cell cycle.

      Nurse earned a Ph.D. from the University of East Anglia in 1973 and was a professor at the University of Oxford from 1987 to 1993. He headed the Cell Cycle Laboratory (1984–87, 1993– ) at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF; now Cancer Research UK) and in 1996 became director-general of the ICRF.

      In the mid-1970s Nurse, using yeast as his model organism, discovered the gene cdc2. His research demonstrated that the gene served as a master switch, regulating the timing of cell-cycle events, such as division. In 1987 Nurse isolated the corresponding gene in humans, which was named cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1). The gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of key enzymes, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which participate in many cell functions. By 2001 about a half dozen other CDKs were identified in humans. Nurse's work aided in the scientific understanding of cancer. He was knighted in 1999.

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