Hooker, Joseph

Hooker, Joseph
born Nov. 13, 1814, Hadley, Mass., U.S.
died Oct. 31, 1879, Garden City, N.Y.

U.S. Army officer.

He attended West Point and served in the Mexican War. Appointed brigadier general of volunteers at the outbreak of the American Civil War, he participated in major campaigns and became known as "Fighting Joe." He succeeded Ambrose E. Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg. He reorganized the army but failed to defeat Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville, incurring heavy Union casualties. He resigned just before the Battle of Gettysburg but later helped secure the Union victory at the Battle of Chattanooga.

Joseph Hooker

By courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

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▪ United States general
born Nov. 13, 1814, Hadley, Mass., U.S.
died Oct. 31, 1879, Garden City, N.Y.
 Union general in the American Civil War (1861–65) who successfully reorganized the Army of the Potomac in early 1863 but who thereafter earned a seesaw reputation for defeat and victory in battle.

      A West Point graduate and veteran of the Mexican War (1846–48), Hooker left his California home at the outbreak of the Civil War to serve as brigadier general of volunteers. In 1862 he participated in all the major Eastern campaigns and was dubbed “Fighting Joe” because of his vigorous leadership in the field. When General A.E. Burnside resigned command of the Army of the Potomac after the Union disaster at Fredericksburg (November–December), Hooker was appointed to succeed him.

 Immediately the new commander effected several much-needed organizational reforms and prepared to challenge the South at the Battle of Chancellorsville (Chancellorsville, Battle of) (May 1–4, 1863). His grave defects as a commanding officer became apparent when Confederate general Robert E. Lee (Lee, Robert E.), with fewer than half the number of troops, outmaneuvered him and caused a Union retreat. This defeat resulted in the loss of 17,000 Union soldiers. When Lee advanced into Pennsylvania in June, Hooker followed him closely until, rebuffed by Washington in his request for additional troops to meet the enemy at Gettysburg in July, he sensed his superiors' distrust and resigned his command on the eve of battle.

      Three months later Hooker was sent by rail in command of two corps of the Army of the Potomac to help relieve General W.S. Rosecrans, besieged at Chattanooga (Chattanooga, Battle of), Tenn. On Nov. 24, 1863, he won the “Battle Above the Clouds” on Lookout Mountain, clearing the way for the crowning Union victory on Missionary Ridge. Denied advancement during the Atlanta Campaign in 1864, he thereafter ceased to play any active part in the war.

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Universalium. 2010.

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