Dge-lugs-pa

Dge-lugs-pa
or Gelukpa

Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism, the chief religion in Tibet since the 17th century.

It was founded in the 14th century by Tsong-kha-pa (1357–1419). His reforms included strict monastic discipline, celibacy, and improved education for monks. The head of the chief monastery at Lhasa first received the title of Dalai Lama from Altan Khan in 1578. With his aid the Dge-lugs-pa triumphed over the Karma-pa, or Red Hat, sect. The Dge-lugs-pa ruled Tibet until the Chinese Communist takeover (1950); the sect continues to exist, but many of its members, including the Dalai Lama, remain in exile.

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▪ Buddhist sect
also spelled  Gelukpa (Tibetan: “Model of Virtue”),  also called  Yellow Hat Sect,  

      since the 17th century, the predominant Buddhist order in Tibet and the sect of the Dalai and Paṇchen lamas.

      The Dge-lugs-pa sect was founded in the late 14th century by Tsong-kha-pa, who was himself a member of the austere Bka'-gdams-pa school. Tsong-kha-pa's reforms represented a return to tradition. He enforced strict monastic discipline, restored celibacy and the prohibition of alcohol and meat, established a higher standard of learning for monks, and, while continuing to respect the Vajrayāna tradition of esotericism that was prevalent in Tibet, allowed Tantric and magical rites only in moderation. Three large monasteries were quickly established near Lhasa: at Dga'ldan (Ganden) in 1409, 'Bras-spungs (Drepung) in 1416, and Se-ra in 1419. The abbots of the 'Bras-spungs monastery first received the title Dalai Lama in 1578, and a period of struggle for the leadership of Tibet followed, principally with the Karma-pa sect. The Dge-lugs-pa eventually appealed to the Mongol chief Güüshi Khan for help, and his defeat in 1642 of the king of Gtsang, who favoured the Karma-pa, secured the temporal authority of Tibet for the Dge-lugs-pa. They continued to rule the country through their leader, the Dalai Lama, until the Chinese communists took over the country in 1950. During a popular revolt at Lhasa in 1959, the Dalai Lama escaped to India. A new Paṇchen Lama, installed as a figurehead by the Chinese, was dismissed in 1964.

      The name Yellow Hat refers to the distinctive yellow headdress adopted by the Dge-lugs-pa to distinguish themselves from the Karma-pa sect, whose monks wear red hats.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Dge-lugs-pa — Gelugpa Monastère de Drepung La tradition Gelug, Guéloug, Geluk, Guéloukpa ou Guélougpa, (Dge lugs ; དགེ་ལུགས་པ་), encore appelée l école des Bonnets jaunes, est la plus récente des quatre grandes écoles du bouddhisme tibétain. Le dalaï lama …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dge-lugs-pa — Secta de los bonetes amarillos del budismo tibetano, la religión principal del Tíbet desde el s. XVII. Fue fundada en el s. XIV por Tsong kha pa (1357–1419). Entre sus reformas se cuentan una estricta disciplina monástica, el celibato y una mejor …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Dge-lugs — noun Gelug …   Wiktionary

  • TIBET — La civilisation tibétaine traditionnelle continue à exister comme un phénomène unique dans le monde moderne. Jusqu’à l’occupation du Tibet par la Chine communiste en 1959, elle était non seulement unique, mais également florissante, à en juger… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Tibet — /ti bet /, n. an administrative division of China, N of the Himalayas: prior to 1950 a theocracy under the Dalai Lama; the highest country in the world, average elevation ab. 16,000 ft. (4877 m). 1,250,000; 471,660 sq. mi. (1,221,599 sq. km). Cap …   Universalium

  • Buddhism — Buddhist, n., adj. Buddhistic, Buddhistical, adj. Buddhistically, adv. /booh diz euhm, bood iz /, n. a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that… …   Universalium

  • Dalai Lama — /dah luy lah meuh/ (formerly) the ruler and chief monk of Tibet, believed to be a reincarnation of Avalokitesvara and sought for among newborn children after the death of the preceding Dalai Lama. Cf. Tashi Lama. [ < Mongolian, equiv. to dalai… …   Universalium

  • BOUDDHISME - Bouddhisme tibétain — Selon la tradition tibétaine, le bouddhisme fut introduit au Tibet au VIIe siècle, en même temps que l’écriture était inventée et que le pays entrait dans l’histoire grâce à une expansion rapide qui inquiéta la Chine au point qu’un chapitre… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Altan — or Anda died 1583, Mongolia Mongol khan who terrorized China in the 16th century. He established a Chinese style government in his homeland and concluded a peace treaty with Ming dynasty China in 1571. He converted the Mongols to the reformed, or …   Universalium

  • Gelug — Tibetische Bezeichnung Tibetische Schrift: དགེ་ལུགས་པ། དགའ་ལྡན་ལུགས། Wylie Transliteration: dge lugs, dga’ ldan lugs Aussprache in IPA: [geluk, gandɛ̃luk] Offizielle Tran …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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