Culloden, Battle of

Culloden, Battle of
(April 16, 1746) Last battle of the "Forty-five Rebellion," which took place on a moor near Inverness, Scot.

The Jacobites, under Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, were defeated by British forces under the duke of Cumberland. Some 1,000 of the Young Pretender's army of 5,000 were killed by the 9,000 Redcoats, who lost only 50 men. The battle, which lasted only 40 minutes, marked the end of any serious attempt to restore the house of Stuart to the British throne.

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▪ English history
also called  Battle Of Drummossie 

      (April 16, 1746), the last battle of the “Forty-five Rebellion,” when the Jacobites, under Charles Edward (Charles Edward, the Young Pretender), the Young Pretender (“Bonnie Prince Charlie”), were defeated by British forces under William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of). Culloden is a tract of moorland in the county of Inverness, Scotland, forming a part of the northeast of Drummossie Moor and lying about 6 miles (10 km) east of Inverness.

      The battle, which lasted only 40 minutes, resulted in bitter defeat for the heavily outnumbered Jacobites (Jacobite). Some 1,000 of the Young Pretender's army of 5,000 weak and starving Highlanders were killed by the 9,000 Redcoats, who lost only 50 men. The devastating slaughter of the Jacobites was the result of the opening British cannonade and subsequent tactics of the Redcoats during the attack of the Highlanders, when each British soldier, instead of attacking the Highlander directly in front of him, bayoneted the exposed side of the man to his right. The Highlanders finally broke and fled, and some 1,000 more were killed in subsequent weeks of hounding by British troops. Hunted by troops and spies, Prince Charles wandered over Scotland for five months before escaping to France and final exile. The Battle of Culloden marked the end of any serious attempt by the Jacobites to restore the Stuart (Stuart, House of) dynasty to the British throne.

      George Frideric Handel composed “See the Conquering Hero Comes” in honour of the victorious Duke of Cumberland. The flower sweet William was named after the latter in England, but in Scotland it is still known as stinking Willie or sour Billy.

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