Carolingian art

Carolingian art
Art produced in Europe during the reign of Charlemagne and his successors until с 900.

The outstanding characteristic of the period was a revival of interest in Roman antiquity. Works of Byzantine art and architecture served as models. Illuminated manuscripts and relief scenes in ivory and metalwork reflected Classical motifs; mosaics and murals were also produced, but few have survived.

Ivory book cover from the Lorsch Gospels, early 9th century; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, ...

Courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, Crown copyright

* * *

      classic style produced during the reign of Charlemagne (768–814) and thereafter until the late 9th century.

      Charlemagne's dream of a revival of the Roman Empire in the West determined both his political aims and his artistic program. His strong patronage of the arts gave impetus to a remarkable return to Roman classicism (Classicism and Neoclassicism) in the copying of Early Christian models and the influence of contemporary Byzantine and Greco-Roman styles, although the classicism was modified by local traditions favouring linearity and patterning and by Carolingian innovations (see also Anglo-Saxon art; Merovingian art). Thus the Carolingian Renaissance was really a renovation rather than a true rebirth of classicism. It was, nevertheless, important for having revived the antique heritage in the West and for transmitting that interest to subsequent art. By the death of Charlemagne, the style was well defined, and even though local schools became more independent as the central authority of the empire weakened, the line of development continued until the chaotic late 9th century.

      The influence of Roman architecture (Western architecture) can be seen in the revival of the Early Christian basilica (q.v.), with its T-shaped plan; in fact, monks from Fulda were sent to Rome to measure St. Peter's in order that it might be reproduced locally. Byzantine architecture was also influential in the development of the Carolingian style. The octagonal plan of San Vitale, Ravenna (c. 526–547), for example, was the model for the Palatine Chapel (consecrated 805), built by Charlemagne for his court at Aachen. Finally, many features are Carolingian inventions that arose in response to special needs. The most important of these were the westwork, or fortresslike construction with towers and inner rooms through which one entered the nave, and the outer crypt, or extensive chapel complexes below and beyond the eastern apse (projection at one end of the church). The significance of the westwork is not clear, but the crypt complex served the rising cult of saints, providing space for worship and for burial near their relics.

      Located at Aachen were the imperial bronze foundry and the scriptorium, where manuscripts were copied and illuminated, though manuscript workshops at Tours, Metz, and Corbie also enjoyed imperial patronage.

      Manuscript illuminations (illuminated manuscript) (see Ada group) and the relief scenes of ivory and metalwork (sculpture in the round was rare) reflect an interest in copying classical motifs and models; the landscapes illustrating the Utrecht Psalter (c. 830; Utrecht, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit), for example, suggest the murals that adorned the walls of Roman villas. Mosaics and murals were also produced, but few have survived.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Carolingian art — is the roughly 120 year period from about AD 780 to 900 mdash; during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs mdash; popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance. For the first time, Northern European kings patronized classical… …   Wikipedia

  • Carolingian art —    French and German art from the end of the eighth to the early tenth century. Stimulated by Charlemagne s forming the first Holy Roman Empire, and his revival of scholarship both at his court and in the monasteries, artisans created beautiful… …   Glossary of Art Terms

  • Carolingian architecture — is the style of north European architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries when the Carolingian family dominated west European politics. It was a conscious attempt to emulate Roman… …   Wikipedia

  • Art Médiéval — Les mosaïques des églises monumentales ont été le couronnement de l art byzantin. Une des mosaïques les plus célèbres subsistant est dans l Église de la Sainte Sagesse dans l ancienne Constantinople l image du Christ sur les murs de la galerie… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Art Sacré Médiéval — Art médiéval Les mosaïques des églises monumentales ont été le couronnement de l art byzantin. Une des mosaïques les plus célèbres subsistant est dans l Église de la Sainte Sagesse dans l ancienne Constantinople l image du Christ sur les murs de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Art medieval — Art médiéval Les mosaïques des églises monumentales ont été le couronnement de l art byzantin. Une des mosaïques les plus célèbres subsistant est dans l Église de la Sainte Sagesse dans l ancienne Constantinople l image du Christ sur les murs de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Art sacre medieval — Art médiéval Les mosaïques des églises monumentales ont été le couronnement de l art byzantin. Une des mosaïques les plus célèbres subsistant est dans l Église de la Sainte Sagesse dans l ancienne Constantinople l image du Christ sur les murs de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Art sacré médiéval — Art médiéval Les mosaïques des églises monumentales ont été le couronnement de l art byzantin. Une des mosaïques les plus célèbres subsistant est dans l Église de la Sainte Sagesse dans l ancienne Constantinople l image du Christ sur les murs de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Carolingian Renaissance —    An intellectual and cultural revival of the eighth and ninth centuries, the Carolingian Renaissance was a movement initiated by the Carolingian kings, especially Charlemagne, who sought not only to improve learning in the kingdom but to… …   Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe

  • Carolingian Renaissance — The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late eighth and ninth centuries, with the peak of the activities occurring during the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”