Psamtik I

Psamtik I
/sam"tik/
king of Egypt 663-609 B.C. (son of Necho I).

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▪ king of Egypt
Psamtik also spelled  Psammetichus 
died 610 BCE

      governor, later king (reigned 664–610 BCE) of ancient Egypt (Egypt, ancient), who expelled the Assyrians (Assyria) from Egypt and reunited the country, founding its 26th dynasty (664–525 BCE; see ] (Egypt, ancient)).

      According to the Greek historian Herodotus, he was one of 12 corulers and secured the aid of Greek mercenaries in order to become sole ruler. After an abortive rebellion by his vassals against the Assyrian ruler of Egypt in 663, Psamtik was unexpectedly restored as governor of Athribis, a city of the Nile River delta, by the Assyrian king. Later, rejecting his vassal status, he negotiated an alliance with Gyges, the king of Lydia in Asia Minor, which enabled him to subdue the other Assyrian princes and vassals in the delta (658–651). He established his capital at Sais, his native city, in the western delta, and proceeded to reform Egypt's government. To remove the last vestiges of the rule of the kings of Kush—the African kingdom south of Egypt, which had persisted after the Assyrian raid of 663—he negotiated the adoption of his daughter Nitocris by the priestess of the Theban god Amon, thus securing control over the considerable wealth of the temples. Thebes remained under its own governor, an appointee of the Kushites, but Psamtik installed a new official as governor of the south and also created the post of administrator of Middle Egypt. In addition, he placed military garrisons along the Nile throughout Upper (Upper Egypt) and Middle Egypt.

      To counteract the power of the resident military class, Psamtik organized a Greek mercenary corps as part of his army. He also encouraged a policy of large property donations to temples by the wealthy nobility. Partly as a response to the recent foreign domination, he encouraged a revival of Old Kingdom (Egypt, ancient) (c. 2575–c. 2130 BCE) ideals in religion and art in Egypt.

      Psamtik probably remained neutral following the death of Gyges, his Lydian ally, in 653. With the spectacular rise of Babylon, however, he sent reinforcements to the beleaguered Assyrians in 614. Having successfully regained Egypt's independence and fostered its prosperity, he left a strong kingdom to his son.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Psamtik III — ▪ king of Egypt Psamtik also spelled  Psammetichus  flourished 6th century BCE       last king (reigned 526–525 BCE) of the 26th dynasty (664–525 BCE; see ] (Egypt, ancient)) of ancient Egypt (Egypt, ancient), who failed to block the Persian… …   Universalium

  • Psamtik I — (reigned 664–610 BC)    The Greek form of his name is Psammetichus. Throne name Wahibre. Son of Nekau Iof Sais. Upon his father’s death in battle against Tantamani in 664 BC, he fled to Assyria and was restored as puppet ruler by Assyrian forces… …   Ancient Egypt

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  • Psamtik I — /sam tik/ king of Egypt 663 609 B.C. (son of Necho I) …   Useful english dictionary

  • Psamtik III — (reigned 526–525 BC)    Throne name Ankhkaenre. Son of Ahmose II and Tantheta, daughter of the priest of Ptah Padineith. Shortly after his accession, he faced an invasion by Cambyses, king of Persia, who conquered Egypt and took him prisoner. He… …   Ancient Egypt

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