methanol

methanol
/meth"euh nawl', -nol'/, n. Chem.
[1890-95; METHANE + -OL1]

* * *

Simplest of the alcohols, chemical formula CH3OH. Once produced by destructive distillation of wood, it is now usually made from the methane in natural gas.

Methanol is an important industrial material; its derivatives are used in great quantities for making a vast number of compounds, among them many important synthetic dyes, resins, drugs, and perfumes. It is also used in automotive antifreezes, in rocket fuels, and as a solvent. It is flammable and explosive. A clean-burning fuel, it may substitute (at least in part) for gasoline. It is also used for denaturation of ethanol. A violent poison, it causes blindness and eventually death when drunk.

* * *

also called  methyl alcohol,  wood alcohol , or  wood spirit 

      the simplest of a long series of organic compounds called alcohols; its molecular formula is CH3OH. Methanol was formerly produced by the destructive distillation of wood. The modern method of preparing methanol is based on the direct combination of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. Most methanol is produced from the methane (q.v.) found in natural gas.

      Pure methanol is an important material in chemical synthesis. Its derivatives are used in great quantities for building up a vast number of compounds, among them many important synthetic dyestuffs, resins, drugs, and perfumes. Large quantities are converted to dimethylaniline for dyestuffs and to formaldehyde for synthetic resins. It is also used in automotive antifreezes, in rocket fuels, and as a general solvent. Methanol is also a high-octane, clean-burning fuel that is a potentially important substitute for gasoline in automotive vehicles. The methanol derived from wood is used chiefly for rendering ethyl alcohol unfit to drink.

      Methanol is a colourless liquid that boils at 64.96° C (148.93° F) and solidifies at -93.9° C (-137° F). It forms explosive mixtures with air and burns with a nonluminous flame. It is a violent poison; many cases of blindness or death have been caused by drinking mixtures containing it.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Methanol — Méthanol Méthanol Représentation de Cram et vue 3D du méthanol …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Méthanol — Molécule de méthanol Général …   Wikipédia en Français

  • MÉTHANOL — ou ALCOOL MÉTHYLIQUE Formule chimique: H CH2OH Masse moléculaire: 32,00 g Point d’ébullition: 64,7 0C Point de fusion: 94 0C Densité (à 0 0C): 0,814 Autrefois appelé carbinol ou esprit de bois (car obtenu par distillation du bois), l’alcool… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • methanol — n. (Chem.) The simplest alcohol of the paraffin series, {CH3.OH}; methyl alcohol. Called also {wood alcohol}. It is used as an antifreeze solvent, as a fuel, and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol. Syn: methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood spirit.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • methanol — methanol. См. метанол. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Methanōl — Methanōl, s. Methylalkohol …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • methanol — methyl alcohol, 1892 (adopted that year by the international scientific community), from METHYL (Cf. methyl) + OL (Cf. ol), suffix denoting alcohol …   Etymology dictionary

  • methanol — ► NOUN ▪ a poisonous flammable alcohol, used to make methylated spirit …   English terms dictionary

  • methanol — [meth′ə nôl΄, meth′ənōl΄] n. [ METHAN(E) + OL1] a colorless, volatile, flammable, poisonous liquid, CH3OH, obtained by the destructive distillation of wood and synthesized chiefly from carbon monoxide and hydrogen: it is used in organic synthesis …   English World dictionary

  • Methanol — Strukturformel Allgemeines Name Methanol Andere Namen …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Methanol — Not to be confused with menthol. For methane water ice , see Methane clathrate. For resolution of hydrate / clathrate confusion, see hydrate. Methanol …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”