Jilin

Jilin
/jee"lin"/, n. Pinyin.
1. a province in NE China, N of the Yalu River. 17,890,000; 72,201 sq. mi. (187,001 sq. km). Cap.: Changchun.
2. a port city in this province, on the Songhua River: a former provincial capital. 720,000.
Also, Chilin, Kirin.

* * *

or Chi-lin conventional Kirin

Province (pop., 2000 est.: 27,280,000), northeastern China.

It is bordered by Russia and North Korea, Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, and Inner Mongolia. With an area of 72,200 sq mi (187,000 sq km), it is China's most urbanized province; its capital is Changchun, and its second largest city is Jilin. Its major river is the Sungari River, a tributary of the Amur. It was made a province in 1907. Occupied by the Japanese army in 1931, it became part of the puppet state of Manchukuo (1932–45). Chinese communist forces seized the province from the Nationalists in 1948. Industrialization since the late 20th century has been rapid.

* * *

China
Wade-Giles romanization  Chi-lin , conventional and Japanese  Kirin 

      city, central Jilin (Kirin) province (sheng), northeastern China. It is a prefecture-level municipality (shi) whose territory was enlarged in the early 1970s to encompass the former Yongji prefecture. Situated on the left bank of the upper Sungari (Songhua) River (Sungari River), it lies among surrounding hills about 60 miles (100 km) east of the provincial capital, Changchun.

      Jilin is one of the most ancient cities in Northeast China ( Manchuria). Originally it was a small village in the territory of the Ula (a Juchen tribe of Manchuria). In 1651 the Manchus, concerned about Russian incursions into the Amur River region, set up a shipyard there to construct boats for defense and transport on the Sungari River (a tributary of the Amur). In 1673 Jilin was fortified, and in 1676 the headquarters of the Manchu military governor was transferred there from Ninguta (now Ningʾan in Heilongjiang province). The town was temporarily constituted as a regular civil prefecture in 1726–34 but remained under military governorship until 1882, when it was walled and given the status of a superior prefecture (fu). Although a government postal relay system was established in the area in the late 17th century, Jilin had poor land communications until the construction of the railway to Changchun in 1913. That line was later extended to Tumen on the Korean border, and other main lines joined Jilin with Mukden (now Shenyang) and Harbin.

      After rapid colonization of the surrounding area, Jilin became a commercial and collecting centre for agricultural products and timber. Various light industries such as oil extraction, flour milling, brewing, and the manufacture of lumber and matches also developed. At the time of the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931, it had a population of about 100,000 but was to some extent overshadowed by the rapid growth of the new capital of the Japanese state of Manchukuo at Changchun. After the outbreak of war between Japan and China in 1937, large-scale industrial growth began. The Japanese constructed an enormous hydroelectric station at Fengman, on the Sungari River above Jilin, and established various industrial plants in the city, the most important of which manufactured synthetic rubber, petroleum, chemicals, and paper.

      The city was much damaged during the Soviet occupation of the Northeast at the end of World War II and the civil war between the Nationalists and communists. Since 1949, Jilin has continued to expand as an industrial centre. The Fengman Dam was repaired and connected by a grid to Harbin and Shenyang. A large thermal generating plant, using coal from the nearby Yingcheng and Jiaohe fields, was constructed to support the electricity network for the Northeast region. Huge chemical plants—producing dyestuffs, chemical fertilizers, calcium carbide, and chemical fibres—an oil refinery, and petrochemical works were also installed. In addition, a large papermaking plant, textile mills, and farm-product processing factories have been constructed.

      Jilin is a hub of rail communications in the area, with connections to Harbin, Yanji, Changchun, and Tonghua. Expressways link it to Changchun and farther to Shenyang and Dalian. The water flowing from the Fengman hydropower station does not freeze in the winter, and rime fog accumulating on the riverside trees there presents a fascinating sight and has become popular with tourists. Winter sports, such as skiing and ice skating, also bring many visitors to Jilin. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 1,242,280; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 2,396,000.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Jilin — (chino: 吉林, pinyin: Jílín, forma tradicional: Kirin), provincia de la República Popular China. Su capital es Changchun; otras ciudades importantes son Jilin, Tonghua, Baicheng (o Pai ch eng) y Liaoyuan. Está situada en la zona nororiental de… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Jilin —   [dʒ ], Kirin,    1) Stadt in der Provinz Jilin, China, 1,27 Mio. Einwohner; Papier , chemische, Eisen und Glasindustrie, Turbinen und Landmaschinenbau, Ölmühlen, Holzwirtschaft;   Verkehr:   Endpunkt der Schifffahrt auf dem Songhua Jiang und… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Jilin — ou Kirin v. de la Chine du N. E. située dans la prov. du m. nom; 1 250 000 hab. (aggl. urb. 3 974 260 hab.). Houille; industries métalliques …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Jilin — [jē′lin′] 1. province of NE China: 72,201 sq mi (187,000 sq km); pop. 25,150,000; cap. Changchun 2. city in this province, on the Songhua River: pop. 1,888,000 …   English World dictionary

  • Jilin — For the city, see Jilin City. Coordinates: 43°42′N 126°12′E / 43.7°N 126.2°E / 43.7; 126.2 …   Wikipedia

  • Jilin — 吉林省 (Jílín Shěng) Provincia de Jilin Provincia de la República Popular China …   Wikipedia Español

  • Jilin — 43°40′N 126°10′E / 43.667, 126.167 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Jilin — 吉林省 Jílín Shěng Abkürzung: 吉 (Pinyin: Jí) Hauptstadt Changchun Fläche   Gesamt   Anteil an der VR China Rang 14 von 33 187.400 km² …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Jilin — Original name in latin Jilin Name in other language Cat Lam, Chi lin, Chi lin shih, Chi ling, Ciudad de Jilin, Czilin , Ct Lm, Dzilin, Dzilinas, Gilino, Girin, JIL, Jilin, Jilin City, Jilin Hiria, Jilin Shi, Jilin i Jilin, Jilinstad, Kilin, Kirin …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Jilin — /ˈdʒɪlɪn/ (say jilin) noun 1. a province in north eastern China, in central Manchuria. 187 000 km2. Capital: Changchun. 2. a city in Jilin province on the Songhua river. Formerly, Kilin, Chilin …  

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”