Jacquard loom

Jacquard loom
a loom for producing elaborate designs in an intricate weave (Jacquard weave) constructed from a variety of basic weaves.
[1850-55; named after J. M. Jacquard (1757-1834), French inventor]

* * *

Loom incorporating a special device to control individual warp yarns.

It enabled production of fabrics with intricate woven patterns such as tapestry, brocade, and damask, and has also been adapted to the production of patterned knitted fabrics. Developed in France by J.-M. Jacquard in 1804–05, it used interchangeable punched cards that controlled the weaving of the cloth so that any desired pattern could be obtained automatically. It aroused bitter hostility among weavers, who feared that its labour-saving capabilities would deprive them of jobs; the weavers of Lyon not only burned the machines but attacked Jacquard as well. Eventually the loom's advantages led to its general acceptance, and by 1812 there were 11,000 in use in France. Use of the loom spread to England in the 1820s and from there virtually worldwide.

* * *

also called  Jacquard Attachment, or Jacquard Mechanism,  
 in weaving, device incorporated in special looms to control individual warp yarns. It enabled looms to produce fabrics having intricate woven patterns such as tapestry, brocade, and damask, and it has also been adapted to the production of patterned knitted fabrics.

      The Jacquard system was developed in 1804–05 by Joseph-Marie Jacquard (Jacquard, Joseph-Marie) (q.v.) of France, but it soon spread elsewhere. His system improved on the punched-card technology of Jacques de Vaucanson's loom (1745). Jacquard's loom utilized interchangeable punched cards that controlled the weaving of the cloth so that any desired pattern could be obtained automatically. These punched cards were adopted by the noted English inventor Charles Babbage (Babbage, Charles) as an input-output medium for his proposed analytical engine and were used by the American statistician Herman Hollerith (Hollerith, Herman) to feed data to his census machine. They were also used as a means of inputting data into digital computers but were eventually replaced by electronic devices.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Jacquard loom — Jacquard Jac*quard , a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834. [1913 Webster] {Jacquard apparatus} or {Jacquard arrangement}, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Jacquard loom — The Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801, that has holes punched in pasteboard, each row of which corresponds to one row of the design. Multiple rows of holes are punched on each card and the many cards… …   Wikipedia

  • Jacquard loom — noun a loom with an attachment for forming openings for the passage of the shuttle between the warp threads; used in weaving figured fabrics • Syn: ↑Jacquard • Hypernyms: ↑loom * * * noun see jacquard 1b * * * a loom for producing elaborate… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Jacquard loom — Jac′quard (or jac′quard) loom n. tex a loom for producing elaborate designs in an intricate weave(Jac′quard weave or jac′quard weave )constructed from a variety of basic weaves • Etymology: 1850–55; after J. M. Jacquard (1757–1834), French… …   From formal English to slang

  • JACQUARD LOOM —    a loom with an apparatus for weaving figures in textiles, such as silks, muslins, and carpets, which was the invention of an ingenious Frenchman, born in Lyons, of the name of Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752 1834) …   The Nuttall Encyclopaedia

  • Jacquard loom — /ˈdʒækad lum/ (say jakahd loohm) noun a pattern loom for weaving elaborate designs. {named after JM Jacquard, 1752–1834, French inventor} …  

  • Jacquard loom — noun Date: 1851 a loom designed to weave fabrics of intricate design whose control mechanism makes use of cards with holes punched in them …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Jacquard weaving — makes possible in almost any loom the programmed raising of each warp thread independently of the others. This brings much greater versatility to the weaving process, and offers the highest level of warp yarn control. This mechanism is probably… …   Wikipedia

  • Jacquard —    Jacquard is the name of an elaborate woven design found in tablecloth damask, bedspreads, and brocades. The weave gets its name from the Jacquard loom, on which flower designs or even pictures of men and women can be woven. The name Jacquard… …   Dictionary of eponyms

  • Jacquard — Jac*quard , a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard, a French mechanician, who died in 1834. [1913 Webster] {Jacquard apparatus} or {Jacquard arrangement}, a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”