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endoplasmic reticulum

Translation
endoplasmic reticulum
Cell Biol.
a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. See illus. under cell.
[1945-50]

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 in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell and is important in the biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins (protein) and lipids. The ER usually constitutes more than half of the membranous content of the cell and is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. The close association of the ER with the nucleus facilitates communication about protein processing. This allows the ER to rapidly send signals to the nucleus when problems in the biosynthesis and folding of proteins occur and thus influences the overall rate of translation of proteins in the nucleus. The ER has two distinct regions. The first, called the rough ER (RER), named for its rough appearance due to the ribosomes attached to its outer cytoplasmic surface, is found in the region of the ER immediately associated with the nuclear envelope. The RER synthesizes secretory proteins, phospholipids, and membrane. The second region of the ER, the smooth ER (SER), is not associated with ribosomes. The SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of some toxic chemicals. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized SER that regulates the calcium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells. See also cell.

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Universalium. 2010.

  
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  • endoplasmic reticulum — endoplasmic reticulum. См. эндоплазматический ретикулюм. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Endoplasmic reticulum — The endoplasmic reticulum (Greek endo = within (prefix), plásma = formed entity , Latin reticulum = little net ), or ER, is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that is an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae. The lacey …   Wikipedia

  • endoplasmic reticulum — noun Date: 1947 a system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar cytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in the transport of materials within the cell and that is studded with ribosomes in some places see cell illustration …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • endoplasmic reticulum — A network of double membranes continuous with the cell membrane and nuclear membrane; if lined with ribosomes called rough, if unlined called smooth …   Dictionary of invertebrate zoology

  • endoplasmic reticulum — (en do plas mik rē tik u lum) A system of membranous tubules and flattened sacs (cisternae) in the cytoplasmic matrix of eucaryotic cells. Rough or granular endoplasmic reticulum (RER or GER) bears ribosomes on its surface; smooth or agranular… …   Dictionary of microbiology

  • endoplasmic reticulum — Membrane system that ramifies through the cytoplasm. The membranes of the ER are separated by 50 200nm and the cisternal space thus enclosed constitutes a separate compartment. The Golgi region is composed of flattened sacs of membrane that… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • endoplasmic reticulum — noun A network of membranes within the cytoplasm of cells, where proteins and lipids are synthesized …   Wiktionary

  • endoplasmic reticulum — эндоплазматический ретикулум высокоспециализированная сложная сеть разветвленных, сообщающихся между собой микротрубочек, заключенных в мембрану, находящаяся в цитоплазме животной и растительной клеток …   Англо-русский словарь по биотехнологиям

  • endoplasmic reticulum — эндоплазматический ретикулюм Клеточная органелла эукариот, представляет собой систему однослойных мембран, образующих одну непрерывную поверхность, которая ограничивает единое замкнутое пространство (полость Э.р. содержит комплекс мелких вакуолей …   Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов

  • endoplasmic reticulum — 1) Биология: эндоплазматический ретикулюм 2) Медицина: цитоплазматическая сеть, эндоплазматическая сеть (цитоплазматическая), эндоплазматический ретикулум …   Универсальный англо-русский словарь